Post on 25-Dec-2015
The function of genes
Proteins help
To control the production of proteins in the organism's cells.
Determine the size, shape, and many other traits of organisms
A single gene can contain
The order of the nitrogen bases
Several hundred to a million or more bases
Along a gene forms a genetic code that specifies what type of protein will be produced.
Causes for a mutation
The Substitution of a single base for another
When chromosomes don't separate correctly during meiosis
If a mutation happens in a body cell, it will only affect
If a mutation happens in a sex cell, it can be
The cells that carries it(only that person)
Passed on to an offspring and affect the offspring phenotype
Some mutations are harmful, some are helpful some are neither
____________ nor ___________ Helpful harmful
Examples of mutations:
Skin cancer: Caused by
Bacteria: bacteria is able to build up a resistance to antibiotics (resistance is a mutation to help it survive)
Over exposure to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight
Human Inheritance
______________ determines if a person is male or female.
What are the two chromosomes for a female?
What are the two chromosomes for a male?
Chromosomes
the egg in a female only carries the ____ chromosome.
The sperm in the male can carry the ______ or _____ chromosome.
X
YX
Looking at the Punnet Square, what is the probability that the couple will have a boy? A girl?
X Y
X
X
XX XY
XX XY
50/50
Human Genetic Disorders
A genetic disorder is
Genetic disorders are caused by
Abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes
Mutations or changes in a person's DNA
Cystic Fibrosis
Sickle-Cell
Hemophilia
Down Syndrome
Achondroplasia
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Duane SyndromeFamilial Hypercholesterolemia
Fragile X Syndrome Gaucher Disease
Hemochromatosis
Huntington’s Disease Klinefelter Syndrome
Marfan Syndrome Noonan Syndrome
Osteogenisis Imperfecta Phenylketonuria
Porphyria Progeria
Turner Syndrome WAGR Syndrome
Wilson Disease
Types of Websites to Avoid
Sites that are too difficult to understandWikipedia – although much of the information is now considered to be accurate, it is a site that can be edited by anyone.