INTRODUCTION TO FOOD PACKAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Ismael Povea GarcerantProfesor, Programa Ingeniería de Alimentos

Universidad de la Salle

IPG iPackaginGroup.wordpress.com

jueves 14 de junio de 12

THEME 1. OVERVIEW

1.1. Definitions3

For consumers “Food packaging is the enclosure of a food product in a plastic pocuh,

a metal can, or glass bottle”1

For scientists and engineers “Is a coordinated system designed for the efficient delivery of high

technical quality, safe food products throughout every phase of the supply chain, from raw material, production to food manufacture, packing, retail, wholesale, consumer use, disposal and recycling or other means of resource recovery”1

1. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006

1.1. Definitions4

Packaging International Institute “Is the enclosure of products, items or packages in a wrapped

pouch, bag, box, cup, tray, can, tube, bottle or other container form to perform one or more of the following functions: containment, protection, preservation, communication, utility and performance”2

Codex Alimentarius “Food is package to preserve its quiality and freshness, and appeal to

consumers and facilitate storage and distribution”2

2. Robertson G. Food Packaging Principles and Practices. CRC 2006

1.2. History³5

1800: Nicolas Appert produced the first thermally preserved food 1870: Corrugated materials was patented 1880: First cereal packed in a folding box 1890: Crown cap was patented 1940: Aerosol was used by marines to dispense pesticides 1960: Two pieces DWI cans was developed 1970: Bar code was introduced 1990: Digital printing was introduced 2000: Environmental friendly packaging was developed 2010: Smart packaging were comercialized

3 Coles R., Mcdowell D., Kirwan M. Food Packaging Technology. CRC 2002

1.3. The primary Packaging System6

Primary Food Packaging System

Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006

Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment

Package

Internal environment(Headspace)

OxygenPackage

- Gases- Vapor- Microorganisms- Macroorganisms- Odors

OxygenPackage

fatvitamins

OxygenPackage

fatvitamins

carbohydrates

OxygenPackage

fatvitamins

carbohydrates

minerals

OxygenPackage

fatvitamins

carbohydrates

mineralscolorants

- Without packaging- messy- inefficient- costly

- More food´s damage- Support to the Economy

1.3. Pros and Cons7

Packaging

Pros Cons

- High negative impact to the environment

1.4. Classification8

Levels Primary Secundary Tertiary Quternary

Forms Flexible Semirigid Rigid

Flexible Packaging9

Semi-rigid Packaging10

Rigid Packaging11

THEME 2. PACKAGING FUNCTIONS

2.1. Main Functions13

Protection. Primary function of the package. Once the integrity of the package is breached, the product is not longer preserved. Physical damage Physiochemical deterioration Microbial spoilage Product tampering

Convenience Ready-to-eat meals Heat-and-eat meals Easy open Resealability Microwavability

2.1. Main Functions14

Communication. A package must protect what it sells and sell what it protecs Written text Brand logo Graphics Nutritional facts Barcode Time-temperature indicator RFID

Containment Is the most basic function of packaging. Its depends on the size, weight, form, and

shape of the enclosed food All products must be contained before they can moved

Protection15

Convenience16

Communicaton17

Containment18

THEME 3. MATERIALS

3.1. Types of packaging20

Metal cans Glass containers Paper Board Plastics Wood Pocuhes

Metal Cans21

Glass22

Paper23

Board24

Plastics25

Wood26

THEME 4. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

4.1. Parts Involved28

Involves the participation Packaging technologist Scientist and engineers Packaging materials suppliers Packaging converters Packaging machinery manufacturers Food processors Food retailers and Regulatory agencies

4.2. Activities29

It encompases technical activities such as Machinery design Graphic design Package development Package manufacture Shelf life testing Distribution and Marketing

4.3. Science and Technologyof Food Packaging

Figure 1. Dynamics of packging science and technolgy. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006

Materials Science

Food Science

Information Science

Socioeconomics

Terchnology Push

FOOD PACKAGINGTECHNOLOGY

Market Pull

Materials Science

Food Science

Information Science

Socioeconomics

Terchnology Push

Market Pull

Materials Science

Food Science

Information Science

Socioeconomics

Terchnology Push

Market Pull

New products and innovations are created as a result of advances in those aspects.

Then those products are pushed to seek market acceptance

Materials Science

Food Science

Information Science

Socioeconomics

Terchnology Push

Market Pull

Materials Science

Food Science

Information Science

Socioeconomics

Terchnology Push

Market Pull

Market needs are created by the dynamics of socioeconomics and then technology is sought to provide solutions to satisfy those needs.

i.e. to satisfy the demand of the consumer convenience, microwavable food packages were developed.

4.4. New Technologies31

4.4. New Technologies32

4.5. Packaging Science33

Food Packging Science Packaging Science

Mechanical strengh Barrier properties Appearance

Food Science Deterioration kinetics of foods

Microbial growth Lipid oxidation Moisture gain or loss

Food Packging Technology Is a set of science based solutions to address specific food

packaging needs. ExamplesMAP

packaging needs. Examples Aimed to enhancing safety, quality and

convenience for the consumer

MAPAPMWP

THEME 5. PACKAGING - SOCIETY RELATIONSHIP

5.1. Socioeconomics Needs40

FPI is driven by market pull to satisfy the needs of the society and economy.

Major socioeconomics

Aspect Results Opportunities

Consumer lifestyle

•Aging Population•Increasing numbers of samaller families•Single person households

Value •Benefist/cost ratio•Enhancing functions of packaging to satisfy the unmet needs of the consumer

•Lower cost meterials•High speed machines•Compact package design•Reduction of distribution costs

•Thicker monolayer materials•Double seamed containers•Replacing of heavy containers (glass-plastics)

Profits •Companies need to mantain or growth their businesses

•Packaging innovations to meet the ever changing market needs

•Different forms for beverage packaging•Battle ground for packaging materials suppliers to capture the market through optimization

Food Safety and biosecurity

•Drives innovations in protective for packaging.

•Miobial contamination is major cause of foodborne store

•Intelligent packaging•Antimicrobial packaging

Food Packaging regulations

•Devolopment relating to food packaging safety: Migration

•Regulations to protect the consumer against unacceptable levels of food contamination by packaging components

•Interest in studying the migration of packaging components

THEME 6. PACKAGING - ENVIRONMET RELATIONSHIP

6.1. Packaging Environments50

Environmental Effects Protection

Physical environment •Temperature/pressure•Shock•Vibration•Falls•Bumps•Attack from insects and rodents

•Adequate mechanical strengh•Thermal stability

Ambient environment •Oxygen•Moisture•Oddors•Molds•Bacteria•Light•Heat

•Adequate level of barrier properties depending on the requeriments of the food

Human environment •user-friendliness •Liking/disliking•Safety of a packaging to the consumer

•4 R•lenguage

6.1. Packaging EnvironmentsIPG iPackaginGroup.wordpress.com

6.2. Functions/Socioeconomics Table

PACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONS

Containment Protection Convenience Communication

SOCIOECONOMICS

Consumer lifestyleSOCIOECONOMICS Values

SOCIOECONOMICS

Sofety/biosecurity

SOCIOECONOMICS

Regultations

SOCIOECONOMICS

Environmental

Table 1. Functions/socioeconomics table

Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006

6.3. Functions/Technologies Table

TECHNOLOGIES

Active PackagingTECHNOLOGIES Bio-based materials

TECHNOLOGIES

Barrier materials

TECHNOLOGIES

Intelligent Packaging

TECHNOLOGIES

Advanced machinery

Table 1. Functions/technologies table

6.4. Functions/Environments Table

ENVIRONMETS PhysicalENVIRONMETS

Ambient

ENVIRONMETS

Table 1. Functions/environments table

THEME 7. FOOD PACKGING DEVELOPMENT

7.1. Food Package Development

Step 1.Determinating

Product/package requeriments

Step 2Selecting

Package material andequipment

Step 3Evaluating

Prototype packages

Step 4Testing

Packaging systemin market

Food Product•Formulation•Processing•Stabilty to light, O2 and H2O

Marketing•Desired shelf life•Distribution chain•Cost constraints•Launch timing•Product positioning•Package size

Production• Existing equipment•Plant capability•Cost per unit calculations

Work with suppliers of packaging materials and machines to identify options

Determine costs and availability

Compare stock vesus custom package

Work c l ose ly w ith p roduct development to better understand ingredients and possible issues relating to packaging

Regultation compliance

Conduct shelf l ife testing to determine quality retention at ambient and elevated temperature

Conduct distribution testing to determine robustness and integrity of package

C o n d u ct p ro d u ct / pa c ka g e interaction testing

Evalate feasibility of scale-up at final production facility

Produce final food packages

Confirm all major requeriments are met

Retrieve packages from market for evaluation and cofirmation

Monitor consumer feedback during test market or rational rollout

Refine package/process design if necessaryMarketing Group typically leads

dicussions based upon cosumer data, while technical group provides input on feasibility

Timing is critical to package design. Identify potential issues that may delay timeline

Scale-up package at production facility is important prior to initial run to identify potential process issues

Final package is tested as part of a concept fulfillment test to confirm consumer acceptance of product and packageDong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006

Table 4. A typicall food package development process.

BIBLIOGRAFIA59

DONG Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packaging Science and Technolgy. CRC. 2007 ROBERTSON Gorodon. Food Pacakging, Principles and Practice. 2007 ITENE. Memorias de Ciencia y Tecnlogía de Envases, Emabalaje y Transporte. Valencia, 1998 http://image.ssww.com/catimages/SWSA-SWSZ/SWSL8000-/SL8335_web.jpg_1222.fpx?&wid=300&cvt=jpeg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.3d-imaging.co.uk/media/3d_coke_can.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.3d-imaging.co.uk/pages/

3d_coke_can.htm&usg=__u3rO9ri6VDdJ5Nf1jP6PTy2mPQ4=&h=459&w=500&sz=44&hl=en&start=13&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=7NjN3bjStQIt1M:&tbnh=119&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmetal%2Bcans%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1

MARTIN M., CASTEÑEDA G. “Determinación del nivel de cumplimiento de las sustancias migrantes de Polietileno, Polipropileno y sus laminados utilizados en el envasado del pan tajado convencional”. 2010

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BIBLIOGRAFIA60

http://www.litoplas.com.co/productos/productos.htm http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/states/polymer-images/polypropbottes.jpeg http://www.pearlpet.net/gifs/bournvita.jpg http://www.benefits-of-recycling.com/image-files/pet_recycling.jpg http://www.allproducts.com/manufacture100/snowclear/product4.jpg http://www.woodworkersworkshop.com/graphics7/exoticwood-box.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Tipos_de_Palets_Pool.JPG http://www.sustainableisgood.com/.a/6a00d834515f0569e201347fce6b88970c-800wi http://public.bay.livefilestore.com/y1pz_k85OPco1lYeeGFfH2NN0tmzQNRaEMD2BMlNxs1gOzwxZvzgZB1tHaCaziws-3bHWc_TULPJnOBgXznpJt23Q http://www.oknation.net/blog/home/blog_data/343/18343/images/rfid.jpg http://img.tradeindia.com/fp/3/307/212.jpg http://people.vanderbilt.edu/~l.roy.xu/Mechanical%20Behavior%20of%20Polymer_files/image006.gif https://s3.amazonaws.com/inventables_technology_production/technology_application_images/6872/Food_container.jpg http://www.taquitos.net/im/sn/GoSnacks-FrHoops-HBBQ.jpg http://img.diytrade.com/cdimg/731702/5939082/0/1211423648/frozen_food_bag.jpg http://www.google.com.co/images?um=1&hl=es&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=uht+milk&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai http://www.google.com.co/images?um=1&hl=es&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=shock+packaging+test&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai http://rfidusa.com/superstore/images/rfid_trp_hf_LabelSquare.jpg

BIBLIOGRAFIA61

http://www.catchoftheday.com.au/images/containers_sealed/containers1.jpg http://www.packagingconsultancy.com/gifs/active-packaging.jpg http://guelphmercury.blogs.com/.a/6a00d8341cf1f953ef01127943717128a4-320wi http://www.convenientpackaging.com/images/snack-and-chips-packaging.jpg http://prospect.rsc.org/blogs/cw/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/coke-bottle.jpg http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/presscenter/img/imagebrands/downloads/lg_vitaminwater2.jpg http://www.crowncork.com/images/275_can_recycle.jpg http://www.notempire.com/images/uploads/glass-TDG.jpg http://tuvidasana.murke.net/files/2009/05/ba-ja-mixednuts2.jpg http://tuvidasana.murke.net/files/2009/07/bebidas-energeticas3.jpg http://www.decathlon.es/products-pictures/mh-asset_20183688.jpg http://www.248am.com/images/chickenfriedmeal1.jpg http://www.packagingsouthasia.com/images/1269415032_24Mar-Amcor-big.jpg http://img.alibaba.com/photo/11976671/Uht_Milk.jpg http://nemonet.swefair.se/upload/utskick/2009/09014/2/img/2.jpg http://www.ptonline.com/mag_images/200608fa4a.jpg http://www.ermec.net/lippke/imagenes/ox-tran2-21.jpg http://www.storaenso.com/products/packaging/consumer-board/innovations/PublishingImages/ps_barrier.jpg http://www.google.com.co/images?hl=es&gbv=2&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=recycle+logo&aq=2&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=recy&gs_rfai http://www.wasteonline.org.uk/resources/InformationSheets/Packaging_files/ecolabel.gif

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