Post on 25-Dec-2015
•Introductions
•Structure of the course
•Course website
•Class structure
•Textbook
•Examinations
•Goals of course
• Two faces of neuroanatomy
• Anatomy as organizational framework
• Anatomy as experimental discipline
Class structure
• No required text, but required reading!• Read relevant chapters before you come to class• Combination of lecture and laboratory
– More you read, more laboratory you get!– Class will be here unless otherwise noted
• Lectures will be available as Powerpoint before class– Lecturers: Please copy your presentation to Flash drive
Examinations
• Practical– Teaching aid– Based on slides (Powerpoint) of brain
regions• No black boxes
– Material from lecture, laboratory and textbook fair game
• Midterm and Final
Useful web sites
• Listed on your syllabus– Digital anatomist– Brainmaps.org– Neuroscience Information Framework– Neurolex– Brain Info
Organization of the Nervous System•CNS (neural plate)
•Brain
•Spinal cord
•PNS (neural crest)
•Somatic
•Autonomic
•Sympathetic
•Parasympathetic
•Enteric
•Gut motility and secretion“gross anatomical convenience”-Swanson
Quadruped vs Biped
“For almost all vertebrates, including almost all bipeds, these axes all provide a consistent reference for anatomical positions across species—with the inferior/superior axis being roughly the same as the dorsal/ventral axis, and therefore redundant. Humans, however, have the rare property of having a torso oriented perpendicular to their direction of forward motion—while their head orientation remains consistent with other vertebrates on this axis. This makes the dorsal/ventral axis on humans redundant with the anterior/posterior axis, and the inferior/superior axis necessary. Because of this difference with humans, the anterior/posterior and inferior/superior axes are inconsistent between humans and other vertebrates in torso anatomy but consistent in head anatomy. “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location
http://www.lrn.org/Graphics/Figure1.4.gif
Transverse-HorizontalFrontal-coronalDorsal-ventral/anterior posterior/superior-inferior
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Planes_of_Section.JPG
Divisions of the Brain
Embryonic vesicles form the fundamental regional brain divisions in the adult
Dividing up the brain
Terms:
•White matter vs gray matter
•Cortex vs Subcortical nuclei
•Nuclei vs Ganglia
•Columns: elongated nuclei
•Laminar (layered) structure
More white matter terms
• White matter:
• Tract: common origin and destination
• Fasciculus, funiculus, peduncle or brachium: distinct collection of nerve fibers (may contain many tracts)
• Lemiscus: Ascending fibers in the brainstem
Brain is divided into “regional parts” based on:Gross appearance: e.g., gray matter vs white matterLandmarks, e.g., sulciHistologyCytoarchitectureChemoarchitectureProjection patternsFunctional considerations
MotorSomatosensory
FF PP
TTOO
Vision
Audition
General Functions Associated with each Lobe
Structure-function relationships
Cerebral ventricles
•Lateral ventricles•Interventricular foramen•Third ventricle•Cerebral aqueduct•Fourth ventricle
CSF
•125 ml in adult human
•500 ml/24 hr period
•Produced by choroid plexus, principally in the lateral ventricles
•Forms “water cushion” for brain
•Bathes neural tissue, extending into perivascular spaces
Other Useful Websites
• http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neuroroot.html– Greek and Latin roots of neuroscience (especially neuroanatomy)
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