Introduction to Census Geographies - Presentation · 2016-10-28 · Census Geographic Entities...

Introduction toCensus Geographies

GIS/Data Center | Email gisdata@rice.edu | Lab (713) 348-2599 | library.rice.edu/gdc

Fundamentals of

Census Geographies

Legal/Administrative Areas• Existence and boundaries officially prescribed through

legal means to manage various programs• Census Bureau generally accepts boundaries provided by

official local entities

Statistical Entities• Created based on the programmatic and analytical needs

of data users for situations when geographic coverage of legal entities is inadequate

• Census Bureau cooperates with local entities to establish standards and boundaries

Census Geographic Entity TypesIntroduction to Census Geographies Fundamentals of Census Geographies

Census Geographic EntitiesIntroduction to Census Geographies Fundamentals of Census Geographies

Geographic Area Type NumberNation Legal 1

Regions Statistical 4

Divisions Statistical 9

States and Equivalent Legal 57

Metropolitan Areas Statistical 362

Urbanized Areas Statistical 405

Counties and Equivalent Legal 3248

County Subdivisions and Places Mixed 60,228

Census Tracts Statistical 62,276

Block Groups Statistical 229,192

Blocks Statistical 7,017,427

Special-Purpose Entities Legal/Administrative 404,583

Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS)

• Issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

American National Standards Institute Codes (ANSI)

• Issued by the InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS)

Unique Geographic Entity CodesIntroduction to Census Geographies Fundamentals of Census Geographies

Census Geographic EntitiesIntroduction to Census Geographies Fundamentals of Census Geographies

Nation

Regions

Divisions

States

Counties

Census Tracts

Block Groups

Blocks

StatisticalLegal

Regions and DivisionsIntroduction to Census Geographies Fundamentals of Census Geographies

• Assigned a unique 2-digit code in alphabetical order(Texas = 48)

Statistical Equivalent Entities• District of Columbia• Puerto Rico• American Samoa• Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands• Guam• U.S. Virgin Islands

States and EquivalentsIntroduction to Census Geographies Fundamentals of Census Geographies

• Assigned a unique 3-digit code in alphabetical order within each state

(Harris County = 201)

Counties and EquivalentsIntroduction to Census Geographies Fundamentals of Census Geographies

Geographic Entity TypeCounties 48 statesParishes LouisianaCities, Boroughs, Municipalities, and Census Areas AlaskaIncorporated Places MD, MO, NV, VADistrict of Columbia and Guam No subdivisionsMunicipios Puerto RicoIslands and Districts American SamoaMunicipalities Northern MarianasIslands U.S. Virgin Islands

Counties in TexasIntroduction to Census Geographies Fundamentals of Census Geographies

Counties in Washington, DC RegionIntroduction to Census Geographies Fundamentals of Census Geographies

Census Tracts

• Small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county

• Uniquely numbered in each county with a 6-digit numeric code XXXX.XX

Target Population• Optimum population = 4,000• Minimum population = 1,200• Maximum population = 8,000

Census TractsIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Tracts

Census Tracts in TexasIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Tracts

Census Tracts in Harris CountyIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Tracts

Census Tracts Inside the LoopIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Tracts

• Updated decennially through the Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP)

• Census tracts > 8,000 are split• Census tracts < 1,200 are merged• Small boundary revisions allowed as long as a

large amount of the population in the tracts is not affected.

• All changes documented in Census Tract Relationship Files so data can be compared between decades.

Updating Census TractsIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Tracts

1970 Census TractsIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Tracts

Montrose Census TractsIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Tracts

Census Block Groups

• Statistical subdivisions of a census tract

• Uniquely numbered 0-9 in each census tract

Target Population• Optimum population = 1,500• Minimum population = 600• Maximum population = 3,000

Census Block GroupsIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Block Groups

Montrose Census Block GroupsIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Block Groups

Census Blocks

• Smallest statistical subdivision

• Bounded by visible features and non-visible boundaries

• Uniquely numbered 0000-9999 in each census tract

• No population requirements

Census BlocksIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Blocks

Montrose Census BlocksIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Blocks

GEOID 482014106001018• State 48 = Texas• County 201 = Harris• Census Tract 4106.00• Block Group 1• Block 1018

Example FIPS CodesIntroduction to Census Geographies Census Blocks

Nation Subdivisions

Census Geographic EntitiesIntroduction to Census Geographies Nation Subdivisions

Urban Areas

Core-Based Statistical Areas

Nation

Regions

Divisions

States

Counties

Census Tracts

Block Groups

Blocks

Urbanized Areas (UAs)• Densely developed territory with 50,000 people

or more

Urban Clusters• Densely developed territory with 2,500 to 50,000

people

Titles may contain up to 3 place names

Urban Areas (UAs)Introduction to Census Geographies Nation Subdivisions

Core Based Statistical AreasIntroduction to Census Geographies Nation Subdivisions

2010 Geographic Entities TypeCore Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) Administrative

Metropolitan Statistical Areas AdministrativeMicropolitan Statistical Areas Administrative

Combined Statistical Area (CSAs) AdministrativeMetropolitan Division Administrative

Historic Geographic Entities TypePrimary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs) AdministrativeConsolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSAs) Administrative

Metropolitan Statistical Area• Contains at least one UA and > 50,000 people

Micropolitan Statistical Area• Contains at least one UC and > 10,000 people

Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs)Introduction to Census Geographies Nation Subdivisions

Core-Based Statistical AreasIntroduction to Census Geographies Nation Subdivisions

• Two or more adjacent CBSAs with substantial employment interchange

Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs)Introduction to Census Geographies Nation Subdivisions

Combined Statistical AreasIntroduction to Census Geographies Nation Subdivisions

• Subdivisions of metropolitan statistical areas

• Population greater than 2.5 million

Metropolitan DivisionsIntroduction to Census Geographies Nation Subdivisions

Metropolitan DivsionsIntroduction to Census Geographies Nation Subdivisions

State Subdivisions

Census Geographic EntitiesIntroduction to Census Geographies State Subdivisions

Nation

Regions

Divisions

States

Counties

Census Tracts

Block Groups

Blocks

Places

Urban Areas

Incorporated Places• Legally bounded entities established to provide

governmental functions for a concentration of people• Usually city, town, village, or borough

Census Designated Places (CDPs)• Statistical entities derived by the Census Bureau• Not legal boundaries• Usually coincide with visible feature or adjacent legal

boundaries

PlacesIntroduction to Census Geographies State Subdivisions

County Subdivisions

Census Geographic EntitiesIntroduction to Census Geographies County Subdivisions

Nation

Regions

Divisions

States

Counties

Census Tracts

Block Groups

Blocks

Places

County Subdivision

Urban Areas

Minor Civil Divisions (MCDs)• Legally bounded entities• In 29 states• May have a formal government with elected

officials

Census County Divisions (CCDs)• Statistical entities derived by the Census Bureau• Not legal boundaries

County SubdivisionsIntroduction to Census Geographies County Subdivisions

County Subdivision ClassificationIntroduction to Census Geographies County Subdivisions

County Subdivisions in Harris CountyIntroduction to Census Geographies County Subdivisions

Special-Purpose Entities

Special-Purpose EntitiesIntroduction to Census Geographies Special-Purpose Entities

Geographic Area Type NumberCongressional Districts Legal 435Voting Districts (VTDs) Legal 148,872School Districts Administrative 15,274Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs) Administrative 200,000ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) Administrative 40,000

Introduction to Census Geographies - Presentation · 2016-10-28 · Census Geographic Entities...

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