IntroductionIntroduction

Darunee JintakanonDarunee JintakanonDepartment of PathologyDepartment of Pathology

Faculty of Medicine, KKUFaculty of Medicine, KKU

365 330 General Pathology

•Pathology คื�อ อะไร?•ทำไมต้ องเร�ยน?•เร�ยนอย�งไร?•ต้ องกรพื้��นฐนคืวมร� ใดบ้ ง•จะได ใช้ ว�ช้น��เม� อไร? อย�งไร?

Pathology Pathology คื�อ อะไรคื�อ อะไร??

Pathology = Pathos + Logos

Suffering Study

Study of Diseaseพื้ยธิ�ว�ทำย

= S TU DY A B NO R MA L S TA TE O F B O DY P A R T IC U L A R IN MO R P HO L O G IC A L & FU NC TIO NA L C HA NG E S O F O R G A N, T IS S U E C E L L S .

ค ว า ม สั� ม พั� น ธ์ ร ะ ห ว� า ง

diagnosis

•ทำไมต้ องเร�ยน? •จะได ใช้ ว�ช้น��เม� อไร?

Abnormal stage of body Abnormal stage of body DiseaseDisease

•Disorderly function (show off as abnormal sign and symptom) of organ system of body (cell, tissue, organ)

• Sign = objective symptom of disease

• Symptom = subjective sign of disease

•Ascites, cachexia, cough, dysphagia, fever, gynecomastia, hemoptysis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, icterus, lymphadenopathy, palmar erythema

•Chest pain, dizziness, loss of appetite, weakness, numbness, headache, toothache

The concept of diseaseThe concept of disease

Cell

Tissue

Organ

Environmental factors

Genetic factors

Change with adaptation

Hypertrophy /hyperplasia

Atrophy

Metaplasia

Inability to adapt

Injury

Death

Structural change

Functional change

Lesion

Signs

Symptoms

The general main causes of disease

Congenital Diseases

Immune disorder: AIDS, Graves’ disease

Genetic Non genetic

* Familial diseases* Abnormal Growth & Development

Acquired Diseases

Iatrogenic disease

Inherited : cystic fibrosis

Spontaneous : Down’s syndrome

Environmental : rubella assoc mal-

Accidental : cerebral palsy ~ birth hypoxia

Inflammation: appendicitis, TB

Neoplasia: lung CA

Non neoplastic: BPHInjury, disordered repair: fracture, aspirin induced PU

Metabolic disorders: DM

Degeneration: osteoarthritis

Hemodynamic disorder : shock, MI

i ii

Cushing’s syndrome ~ X steroids

Aplastic anemia ~ chloramphenicol

Growth disorders

Scope of Pathology

Anatomical Pathology Clinical Pathology•surgical pathology•cytopathology•forensic pathology •Oral and maxillofacial pathology

•clinical chemistry•clinical hematology/blood banking •clinical microbiology

Veterinary pathology is concerned with animal disease Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases.

~ medical technologistsPathologists

A combination both anatomical and clinical pathology is known as general pathology

General pathologyGeneral pathology

• also called investigative pathology, experimental pathology or theoretical pathology

• is a broad and complex scientific field which seeks to understand the mechanisms of injury to cells and tissues, as well as the body's means of responding to and repairing injury

THEORETICAL STUDY

Main object is to know the nature of DISEASE by study as the following :-

1. Etiology ( causes of diseases )

2. Pathogenesis (mechanism of diseases)

3. Pathological changes : structural change Lesion

เร�ยนอย�งไร?

6. Prognosis ( prediction the future of victim)

THEORETICAL STUDY

4. Clinical feature : functional & structural changes symptoms & signs of patients

5. Complication

Complications & sequelae

Morphological and functional features

Pathogenesis

Etiology S.aur

eus

Acute inflammation

Boil

Septicemia

Smoking , Polycyclic AHC

Genetic mutation

Lung cancer

Metastasis

HBV

Immune reaction to virus infected cells

Cirrhosis

Liver failure

Increased renin production

High BP

Cerebral hemorrhage

TACTICAL STUDYTACTICAL STUDY

ศึ#กษโดย “ “เปร�ยบ้เทำ�ยบ้เปร�ยบ้เทำ�ยบ้” ระหว�งสิ่� งปกต้� ก)บ้” ระหว�งสิ่� งปกต้� ก)บ้สิ่� งซึ่# งผิ�ดปกต้�ไปจกธิรรมช้ต้�ของมน-ษย.สิ่� งซึ่# งผิ�ดปกต้�ไปจกธิรรมช้ต้�ของมน-ษย.

เปร�ยบ้เทำ�ยบ้เปร�ยบ้เทำ�ยบ้ สิ่� งเด�ยวก)น ช้น�ดเด�ยวก)นในเร� อง สิ่� งเด�ยวก)น ช้น�ดเด�ยวก)นในเร� อง โคืรงสิ่ร งโคืรงสิ่ร ง และ และ หน ทำ� กรทำงนหน ทำ� กรทำงน ของอว)ยวะ ของอว)ยวะ

เน��อเย� อ และเซึ่ลล. น)�น เน��อเย� อ และเซึ่ลล. น)�น

เร�ยนอย�งไร?

ต้)วอย�งกรเปร�ยบ้เทำ�ยบ้Structur

e Normal squamous cell VS abnormal squamous cell

Function of organ, tissue, cell

Normal blood sugar VS abnormal blood sugar

ต้)วอย�งกรเปร�ยบ้เทำ�ยบ้

ต้)วอย�งกรเปร�ยบ้เทำ�ยบ้

Techniques of PathologyTechniques of Pathology

BiochemicalMicrobiologicalHematologicalCell/ tissue culture

Learning objective1. The meaning of pathology and scope of pathology.

2. How to study the pathology?

4. The general main causes of disease

3. Techniques of Pathology

REFERENREFERENCESCES1. General and systematic Pathology, 4th edition,

edited by J.C.E.Underwood, “Introduction to Pathology”

2. Concise Pathology, 3rd edition, edited by P. Chandrasoma ; C.R. Taylor, Introduction : The

Discipline of Pathology, pp xiii – xiv

3. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition, edited by Kumar; Abbas; Fausto;

“Introduction to Pathology” pp 4