Post on 02-Jan-2016
Intro To Air TransportationIntro To Air
Transportation
Transportation SystemsMr. Wasacz
Transportation SystemsMr. Wasacz
Goals and ObjectivesGoals and Objectives
Define aircraft Identify aviation services Describe how airways are used to keep the air safe
Define lighter than air craft and provide at least 1 example of a lighter than air craft
Define aircraft Identify aviation services Describe how airways are used to keep the air safe
Define lighter than air craft and provide at least 1 example of a lighter than air craft
A Quick little history of Air
A Quick little history of Air
Air transportation is only a few hundred years old
Many people have desired to fly including Leonardo Da Vinci created sketches of gliders and helicopters 500 years ago
The Montgofier brothers studied smokes ability to rise and created a model hot air balloon, then a passenger one in 1783
Air transportation is only a few hundred years old
Many people have desired to fly including Leonardo Da Vinci created sketches of gliders and helicopters 500 years ago
The Montgofier brothers studied smokes ability to rise and created a model hot air balloon, then a passenger one in 1783
Quick little history of Air
Quick little history of Air
In the early 1800’s, George Caley began an investigation into aerodynamics
The Wright brothers tested their first successful sustained flight of an airplane in 1903 Airborne for 12 seconds and covered 120’ By the end of the day they went 859’ in 59 seconds
In the 1920’s companies such as Boeing, Lockheed, and Douglas developed new and innovative designs
In the early 1800’s, George Caley began an investigation into aerodynamics
The Wright brothers tested their first successful sustained flight of an airplane in 1903 Airborne for 12 seconds and covered 120’ By the end of the day they went 859’ in 59 seconds
In the 1920’s companies such as Boeing, Lockheed, and Douglas developed new and innovative designs
Important TermsImportant Terms
Aircraft- any vehicle that transports people or cargo through the air. They include Gliders (aircraft with stable wings but no power source)
Helicopters (aircraft with rotating wings)
Airplane (fixed wing aircraft kept in flight by a power source)
Aircraft- any vehicle that transports people or cargo through the air. They include Gliders (aircraft with stable wings but no power source)
Helicopters (aircraft with rotating wings)
Airplane (fixed wing aircraft kept in flight by a power source)
Important TermsImportant Terms
Aerodynamics- the study of the motion of air and how it reacts to objects passing through it Remember, George Caley began this study
Aerodynamics now continuously drives aircraft innovation
Aerodynamics- the study of the motion of air and how it reacts to objects passing through it Remember, George Caley began this study
Aerodynamics now continuously drives aircraft innovation
Air RoutesAir Routes
There are no physical highways in the air!
In order to safely navigate the air safely, airways are have to be established
Airways are a term for a path or route for planes to follow
These airways are controlled by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Intersections are placed above very-high frequency omnidirectional radio range (VOR)
There are no physical highways in the air!
In order to safely navigate the air safely, airways are have to be established
Airways are a term for a path or route for planes to follow
These airways are controlled by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Intersections are placed above very-high frequency omnidirectional radio range (VOR)
Air Routes Air Routes
Jet RoutesJet Routes
Jet routes are basically the same as airways
The difference is that the jet routes are from 18,000’ up to 75,000’
These routes are reserved for large commercial jets and airliners
Each lane is 8 nautical miles wide And the routes are split into 1000’ layers
Even number layers are for planes flying west and odd number layers are for planes flying east
Jet routes are basically the same as airways
The difference is that the jet routes are from 18,000’ up to 75,000’
These routes are reserved for large commercial jets and airliners
Each lane is 8 nautical miles wide And the routes are split into 1000’ layers
Even number layers are for planes flying west and odd number layers are for planes flying east
Modes of Air TransportationModes of Air
Transportation Once again, and aircraft is a vehicle that transports people or cargo through the air
They are split up into 2 different types Lighter than air Aircraft Heavier than air Aircraft
Once again, and aircraft is a vehicle that transports people or cargo through the air
They are split up into 2 different types Lighter than air Aircraft Heavier than air Aircraft
Lighter than Air Aircraft
Lighter than Air Aircraft
These are more energy efficient than heavier than air aircraft
These aircraft rely on the holding of gasses
These gasses must be less dense than air!
Two typical gasses used are helium and hot air
Hydrogen Used to be used until…
These are more energy efficient than heavier than air aircraft
These aircraft rely on the holding of gasses
These gasses must be less dense than air!
Two typical gasses used are helium and hot air
Hydrogen Used to be used until…
BalloonsBalloons
These date back to the 1700’s Balloons have little structure
Envelope- balloon portion Basket- holds passengers and fuel for burner
Use the principle of lift to stay aloft Lift is the upward pressure equal to or greater than the air the object displaces
Balloons rely on wind to move them from one place to another
Balloons are used for recreational purposes today
These date back to the 1700’s Balloons have little structure
Envelope- balloon portion Basket- holds passengers and fuel for burner
Use the principle of lift to stay aloft Lift is the upward pressure equal to or greater than the air the object displaces
Balloons rely on wind to move them from one place to another
Balloons are used for recreational purposes today
BalloonsBalloons
AirshipsAirships
Also known as a dirigible (French word meaning steering)
These differ from balloons because they have rudders (steering) Elevators (control altitude) Filled with gas Have engines (to propel them)
Also known as a dirigible (French word meaning steering)
These differ from balloons because they have rudders (steering) Elevators (control altitude) Filled with gas Have engines (to propel them)
Airships ContAirships Cont
There are two types of airships, they are Rigid Airships (have a metal frame surrounding the balloon) The Hindenburg
Non rigid Airships (no metal frame) The Good Year Blimp
There are two types of airships, they are Rigid Airships (have a metal frame surrounding the balloon) The Hindenburg
Non rigid Airships (no metal frame) The Good Year Blimp
AirshipsAirships
Airships Use TodayAirships Use Today
Since the Hindenburg disaster, the use of airships greatly dropped
However, we still use airships to day to provide aerial coverage of areas
They are also used for advertising And they can also move cargo into hard to reach places
Since the Hindenburg disaster, the use of airships greatly dropped
However, we still use airships to day to provide aerial coverage of areas
They are also used for advertising And they can also move cargo into hard to reach places
Heavier than Air Aircraft
Heavier than Air Aircraft
These are the most prevalent type of aircraft
These are not as energy efficient because they require more energy to stay suspended
Examples include Helicopters Planes Gliders
These are the most prevalent type of aircraft
These are not as energy efficient because they require more energy to stay suspended
Examples include Helicopters Planes Gliders
GlidersGliders
As stated before, gliders have a fixed wing but not power source for propulsion
Today gliders are used for recreation and training
This type of aircraft requires the generation of lift in order to fly
To do this, they must be pulled behind another aircraft until it generates enough speed to maintain lift
As stated before, gliders have a fixed wing but not power source for propulsion
Today gliders are used for recreation and training
This type of aircraft requires the generation of lift in order to fly
To do this, they must be pulled behind another aircraft until it generates enough speed to maintain lift
GlidersGliders
AirplanesAirplanes
Airplanes are fixed winged aircraft that are kept in flight by an engine or another power source
Planes started out at a top speed of 7mph, whereas now the go to speeds in excess of Mach 2 (1550 mph)
Airplanes are fixed winged aircraft that are kept in flight by an engine or another power source
Planes started out at a top speed of 7mph, whereas now the go to speeds in excess of Mach 2 (1550 mph)
Supersonic transports (SST)
Supersonic transports (SST)
The Concorde was a supersonic airliner that was used commercially
It would transport passengers between New York and Europe in 3 1/2 hours
These planes flew for 30 years before they were retired
The Concorde was a supersonic airliner that was used commercially
It would transport passengers between New York and Europe in 3 1/2 hours
These planes flew for 30 years before they were retired
The ConcordeThe Concorde
The Forces on an Airplane
The Forces on an Airplane
There are four forces that are always acting on airplanes Lift- the upward force that keeps the aircraft in air
Gravity- A natural force that tries to pull a plane to the ground
Thrust- the force produced by the propulsion system that moves the aircraft through the air
Drag- the force resisting forward motion of an aircraft
There are four forces that are always acting on airplanes Lift- the upward force that keeps the aircraft in air
Gravity- A natural force that tries to pull a plane to the ground
Thrust- the force produced by the propulsion system that moves the aircraft through the air
Drag- the force resisting forward motion of an aircraft
HelicoptersHelicopters
Helicopters vary from airplanes in that they have a rotating wings know as a rotor blades
These are unique in that they can land and take of vertically and they can hover
Usually Helicopters have 2 rotating
Helicopters vary from airplanes in that they have a rotating wings know as a rotor blades
These are unique in that they can land and take of vertically and they can hover
Usually Helicopters have 2 rotating
Aviation ServicesAviation Services
Aviation describes all air transportation activities
There are three categories of aviation General Aviation (privately owned planes)
Commercial Aviation (scheduled airline flights)
Military Aviation (activity performed by the armed services)
Aviation describes all air transportation activities
There are three categories of aviation General Aviation (privately owned planes)
Commercial Aviation (scheduled airline flights)
Military Aviation (activity performed by the armed services)