Post on 01-Apr-2015
International Students in the UK
Jon Simmons
Home Office Science:
Migration and Border Analysis
Notable rise in student migrant numbers since 2008
2Source: ONS International Passenger Survey
Long-term international immigration to the UK by main reason for migration
Both Non-EU and EU student migration are rising.....
3
Inflows of those migrating for formal study, 2005-10
Source: ONS: International Passenger Survey
....with India and China supplying the most students from outside the European Union
4
Non-EU student (and student dependant) arrivals in 2010
Source: Home Office, Immigration Statistics
Half of non-EU students study at non-HE institutions.....
5Source: Home Office Occasional Paper 90: Overseas students in the immigration system
......while the majority of non-EU students at Universities are postgraduates.....
Source: Home Office Occasional Paper 90: Overseas students in the immigration system
.....whereas those at privately funded HE/FE institutions are mainly studying at below degree level
7Source: Home Office Occasional Paper 90: Overseas students in the immigration system
China has the highest stock of students in publicly funded HEI’s, and the fastest growing number
8
Stocks of non-EU students in publicly funded HEI’s from 2008/09 to 2010/11
Source: HESA
The highest number of non-EU students are Chinese and Indian
Most Indians (85%) are postgraduates but Chinese students are more evenly split
Around three-quarters of Hong Kong and Malaysian students are undergraduates
One in five non-EEA students remain in the system five years after first being granted a student visa......
9
Source: Home Office Migrant Journey Second Report
The 2004 cohort – immigration status in 2009, five years after their initial visa, by route
185,600 students in 2004 cohort were granted student visas
79% had left the immigration system within 5 years;-15% had transferred to other routes, mainly work- 3% had obtained settlement- 6% were still students
.....and for some important nationalities this proportion doubles.
10
Source: Home Office Migrant Journey Second Report
Student visas granted in 2004 and their immigration status at end of 2009 – highest volume countries
Foreign students are keen to remain in the UK after graduation, and many do so
Future plans
Overall China India USA Malaysia Nigeria Canada Pakistan Hong Kong
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
Seek short term
employment in UK
37%
(2,262)33% 46% 36% 37% 45% 33% 46% 29%
Seek long term
employment in UK
45%
(2,305)32% 55% 42% 51% 54% 33% 63% 41%
Undertake further
study in UK
49%
(2,296)43% 39% 29% 55% 69% 32% 56% 42%
Apply for
permanent
residence in UK
29%
(2,287)25% 27% 24% 30% 39% 14% 47% 31%
11
Likelihood of 2010 graduates to undertake various activities in next 5 years, by nationality
Source: Tracking International Graduate Outcomes 2011, i-graduate (for Department for Business, Innovation and Skills)
Of the 6% who were still students after 5 years, a third were studying at undergraduate level or below
12
Long term students: Study route sample by level of study
Source: Home Office Migrant Journey Second report (case file analysis)
UK Border Agency has found issues with compliance amongst students
Privately funded HE/FE institutions
Publicly funded HE/FE institutions
English Language schools
Enrolled on course and continuing to study
39% 47% 65%
Regularised their stay or left the country
12% 15% 15%
Did not enter having been issued with a visa letter or a CAS
23% 30% 6%
Had no record of leaving the country and did not have a valid reason to remain (potentially ‘non-compliant’)
26% 8% 14%
Total 100%(1,191 respondents)
100%(2,397 respondents)
100%(2,060 respondents)
13
Students’ compliance by type of sponsoring institution
Source: Home Office Occasional Paper 90: Overseas students in the immigration system
UK Border Agency enforcement arrests of student visa holders increased in 2010...
14
Number of Tier 4 visa arrests by enforcement; Sept 2009 – Nov 2010
Source: Home Office: Points-based system Tier 4 attendance at privately funded colleges; Annex: Background Information
...and student visa holders were responsible for 13.5% of asylum claims matched to a visa in 2010
15
Asylum applications matched to PBS T4 (General) Student Visas
Source: Home Office: Points-based system Tier 4 attendance at privately funded colleges; Annex: Background Information