Post on 04-Jun-2018
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Interactivity 1
EXPLORING MODELS OF INTERACTIVITY FROM MULTIPLE RESEARCH
TRADITIONS USERS! DOCUMENTS! AND SYSTEMS
"y Sa##y $% McMi##an
A&&i&tant Pr'(e&&'r
Univer&ity '( Tenne&&ee
E)*ai# &+*c*i##,-t.%e/-
P0'ne 23)456)3745
A//re&& 652 C'**-nicati'n& "-i#/in8
9n':vi##e! TN ;5442)7;6;
T0e a-t0'r t0an.& 9y'-n8tae Na* ('r 0i& re&earc0 a&&i&tance 'n t0i& c0a
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Interactivity =
INTRODUCTION
Interactivity% >e ?.n'@ it @0en @e &ee it! B-t @0at i& it >0en a&.e/ t' /e(ine t0e
ter*! *any in/ivi/-a#& even &c0'#ar& '( ne@ *e/ia *ay (ee# &t-*
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Interactivity ;
T0i& c0ait0in eac0 '( t0e&e tra/iti'n&! /e(initi'n& '( interactivity B't0 Be('re an/ a(ter t0e ev'#-ti'n '(
ne@ *e/ia are e:a*ine/% Centra# c0aracteri&tic& '( interactivity a& i/enti(ie/ in eac0 '( t0e&e
t0ree tra/iti'n& are -&e/ t' /eve#'< *'/e#& t0at i##-&trate *-#ti
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Interactivity 6
@'n/er at t0e ra
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Interactivity 3
c0aracteri&tic& '( ne@ *e/ia interactivity! /e)*a&&i(icati'n! an/ a&ync0r'nicity% Ne@ *e/ia
n't 'n#y /e)*a&&i(y! B-t t0ey a#&' ?create a c'ntin--* Bet@een ('r*er#y /i&crete cate8'rie& '(
interi/e >eB an/ c'##aB'rative /eci&i'n)*a.in8 &y&te*&! re#ative#y recent re&earc0 0a&
('c-&e/ 'n 't0er ('r*& '( ne@ *e/ia tec0n'#'8ie& &-c0 a& vi/e' te#e
c'n+-ncti'n @it0 t0e /i&c-&&i'n '( ne@ *e/ia! i& '(ten eit0er -n/e(ine/ 'r -n/er)/e(ine/
Han&&en! $an.'@&.i! an/ Etienne! 1442 Heeter! 144! =777 H-0ta*'! 1444 Mi##er et a#%!
1445 Ra(ae#i! 14 Sc0-#t! =777 Si**&! 1445 S*et0er&! 144% "-t t0ere i& a 8r'@in8 B'/y
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Interactivity 2
'( #iterat-re t0at atte*
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Interactivity 5
=777 eB &ite% Reeve& an/ Na&& 1442 &-88e&te/ t0at! in 8enera#!
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Interactivity
Ot0er a-t0'r& 0ave a#&' ('c-&e/ 'n t0e e:c0an8e& a*'n8
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Interactivity 4
/e(initi'n @a& t0at t0ey ('-n/ t@' Br'a/ *eanin8& ('r interactivity in 'n#ine +'-rna#i&*% One
/i*en&i'n t0ey i/enti(ie/ a& intereB &ite& rea/er)t')rea/er an/ +'-rna#i&t)t')rea/er%
T0i& /-a# a
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Interactivity 17
H'@ever! t0e t0ree)/i*en&i'na# c'n&tr-ct '( -&er)t')-&er! -&er)t')/'c-*ent&! an/ -&er)
t')&y&te* interactivity &ee*& t' enc'*
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Interactivity 11
t' -&er)t')-&er c'**-nicati'n B't0 Be('re an/ a(ter t0e a/vent '( ne@ *e/ia are Brie(#y
revie@e/ Be#'@%
Interpersonal Interaction
G'((*an& 1425 ana#y&i& '( t0e ?interacti'n rit-a#
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Interactivity 1=
an in/ivi/-a# 0a& @it0 't0er&% An/ (ina##y! t0'&e *eanin8& are *'/i(ie/ t0r'-80 an inter
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Interactivity 1;
?i/ea# '( c'nver&ati'n @0ic0 a&&-*e& t0at (ace)t')(ace inter
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Interactivity 16
In 8enera#! t0e a-t0'r& &-88e&te/ t0at #etter& t' *e/ia c'ntent
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A& Dan'@&.i 14= n'te/! *any '( t0e re&earc0 tec0ni-e& -&e/ ('r eva#-atin8 0-*an
c'**-nicati'n in CMC are &i*i#ar t' t0'&e tec0ni-e& -&e/ ('r eva#-atin8 't0er 0-*an
c'**-nicati'n% A*'n8 t0e e((ect& t0at 0ave Been e:it0in &'*e '( t0e #iterat-re! t@')@ay c'**-nicati'n i& c0aracterie/ By an e8a#itarian
n'ti'n '( *-t-a# /i&c'-r&e an/ *-t-a# r'#e ta.in8 "a##)R'.eac0 an/ Rear/'n! 14 "-r8''n et
a#%! =777 Han&&en et a#%! 1442 >i##ia*& et a#%! 14% F'r e:a*
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Interactivity 12
1442 21 @r'te ?ne@ c'**-nicati'n tec0n'#'8ie& *a.e i##ia*& et a#%! 1446%
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Interactivity 15
Control
Ne@ *e/ia a#&' a#t0er! 1442 >a#t0er
et a#%! 1446 >a#t0er "-r8''n! 144=% F'r e:a*
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Interactivity 1
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Interactivity 14
t')/'c-*ent& interactivity a
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Interactivity =7
a-/ience t' ?interact @it0% He &-88e&te/ t0at *e/ia 0ave varyin8 #eve#& '( interacti'n
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Interactivity =1
-&er)t')/'c-*ent& interactivity act-a##y re#y 'n t0e active a-/ience *e*Ber& t' &-
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Interactivity ==
S*-#yan! 1446% T0e interactive
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Interactivity =;
A .ey t0e*e t0at e*er8e& in #iterat-re t0at e:a*ine& interacti'n @it0 c'ntent an/ c'ntent
creat'r& i& t0at t0e ?a-/ience i& n't a i##ia*&'n! an/ Hen/er&'n)
Lancett! 144;a L''*&! 144; Mi#e&! 144= M'rri&'n! 144 Ste-er! 144= Street $r% an/ Ri*a#!
1445 T-c.er! 1447 >i##ia*& et a#%! 14%
In *any ca&e&! t0e #iterat-re &-88e&t& t0at t0e in/ivi/-a#& c'ntr'# '( c'ntent e:ten/&
Bey'n/ &i*
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Interactivity =3
T0e eB
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$arly $%plorations of &uman-'echnology Interfaces
In t0e *i/ 1477& c'*
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Interactivity =5
-&er& 0a/ (-ncti'nin8 *in/&! B-t t0at a Better -n/er&tan/in8 '( 0'@ t0'&e *in/& @'r.e/ @'-#/
c'*
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Interactivity =
te#e
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Interactivity =4
c'*
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Interactivity ;1
artic#e 'n *ec0anica##y #in.e/ in('r*ati'n)retrieva# &y&te*& Lan/'@! 144=% T0e
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Interactivity ;=
A/a
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Interactivity ;;
T0e&e *'/e#& *ay
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Interactivity ;6
FIGURES
Direction of Communication
#ne-*ay 'wo-*ay
Level of
&igh Fee/Bac. M-t-a# Di&c'-r&e
Receiver
Cont
rol
+ow
M'n'#'8-e Re&
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Interactivity ;3
Nature of Audience
!assi"e cti"e
Level of
&igh C'ntent)On)De*an/ C')Create/ C'ntent
Receiver
Cont
rol
+ow
Pac.a8e/ C'ntent C'ntent E:c0an8e
S Q Sen/er! R Q Receiver! P Q Partici
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Interactivity ;2
Interface
pparent 'ransparent
Center of
&uman H-*an)"a&e/ Interacti'n F#'@
Control
Computer
C'*
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Interactivity ;5
REFERENCES
A0ren! R% 9ir.#an/! Str'*er)Ga##ey! $enni(er! an/ Ne-*an! >% R-&&e##% =777! $-ne 1)3%
Interacti"ity and Structured Issue Comparisons on the !olitical *eb, n $%perimental
Study of the ... New &shire !residential !rimary/Pa% tenHa8en F% R% H'
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Interactivity ;
"a##)R'.eac0! San/ra $%! R'.eac0! M%! an/ Gr-Be! $%>% 146% 'he 1reat merican 2alues
'est, Influencing 3eha"ior and 3elief through 'ele"ision% Ne@ Y'r. Free Pre&&%
"ara.! Ay! an/ Fi&0er! >i##ia* A% 1445% E((ect& '( Interactive C'*
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Interactivity ;4
O#&'n E/%! 'echnological Support for *ork 1roup Collaboration
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Interactivity 67
Cat0cart! R'Bert! an/ G-*ee.&! Gera#/ D% 145=%
St-/ie& in Interactive C'**-nicati'n I% T0e E((ect& '( F'-r C'**-nicati'n M'/e& 'n
t0e "e0avi'r '( Tea*& D-rin8 C''ine! S-e% 143% Te#ec'n(erencin8 an/ Inter
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Interactivity 61
Cra@('r/! C0ri&% 1447% Le&&'n& (r'* C'*% Da#e! an/ P'-&0in&.y! Nic0'#a&% 1455% CB in Per&
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Interactivity 6=
D'-8#a&! S-&an $% 145%In"enting merican 3roadcasting, :;0eat&0ea(%
F'r&yt0e! Si/ney A% 1437% An E:
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Interactivity 6;
F-#.! $anet! Sc0*it! $'&e
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Interactivity 66
Han&&en! L-cien! $an.'@&.i! Nic0'#a& >%! an/ Etienne! Reinier% 1442% Interactivity (r'* t0e
Per&%! >erner! Car'# M%! an/ A#t*an! Ir@in% 14% Te*
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Interactivity 63
H'((*an! D'nna L%! an/ N'va.! T0'*a& P% 1442% Mar.etin8 in Hy'0#! R% Ric0ar/% 1432% Ma&& C'**-nicati'n an/ Para)S'cia#
Interacti'n OB&ervati'n& 'n Inti*acy at a Di&tance!!sychiatry0 14 =13)=4%
H'-#Ber8! Ric.% 146% L'ca# Te#evi&i'n Ne@& A-/ience an/ t0e Para)S'cia# Interacti'n!
5ournal of 3roadcasting0 = 6 6=;)4%
H-0ta*'! Er..i% 1444% Fr'* CyBernati'n t' Interacti'n A C'ntriB-ti'n t' an Arc0ae'#'8y '(
Interactivity% In P% L-nen(e#/ E/%! 'he Digital Dialectic, New $ssays on New Media
eey P-B#i&0in8
C'*
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Interactivity 62
9ayany! $'&e'trin8! C% E/@ar/! an/ F'rre&t! E/@ar/ $% 1442% Re#ati'na# C'ntr'# an/
Interactive Me/ia C0'ice in Tec0n'#'8y)Me/iate/ C'**-nicati'n Sit-ati'n&!&uman
Communication (esearch0 == ; ;44)6=1%
9e##y! $anice R%! an/ McGrat0! $'&e
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Interactivity 65
Latc0e*! C'#in! >i##ia*&'n! $'0n! an/ Hen/er&'n)Lancett! Le:ie% 144;B%Interacti"e
Multimedia, !ractice and !urpose% L'n/'n 9'8an Pa8e Li*ite/%
La-re#! "ren/a% 1447a% Intr'/-cti'n% In "% La-re# E/%! 'he rt of &uman-Computer Interface
Designeey P-B#i&0in8 C'*i##ia* $%! Min/ic0! Davi/ T%%! an/ Stra-*ani&! An/ri&% 1445% >ante/%%% A
Meta
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Interactivity 64
May0e@! DeB'ra0 $% 144% Intr'/-cti'n% In C% F'r&yt0e E% Gr'&e $% Ratner E/&%!&uman
Factors and *eb De"elopment0' Pay& ('r C'ntent F-n/in8 in Interactive Me/ia!5ournal of
Computer Mediated Communication0 6 1 Avai#aB#e
0tt
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Interactivity 31
M-rray! $anet H% 1443% T0e Pe/a8'8y '( CyBer(icti'n Teac0in8 a C'-r&e 'n Rea/in8 an/
>ritin8 Interactive Narrative% In E% "arrett M% Re/*'n/ E/&%! Conte%tual Media,
Multimedia and Interpretation
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Interactivity 3=
Paiey! >i##ia*% 14;% C'*
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Interactivity 3;
Ra(ae#i! S0eia(! an/ S-/@ee.&! Fay% 1445% Net@'r.e/ Interactivity!5ournal of Computer
Mediated Communication0 = 6 Avai#aB#e
0tti##ia*&'n L% Hen/er&'n)
Lancett E/&%!Interacti"e Multimedia, !ractice and !urpose
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Interactivity 36
Sayre! $eanette% 14;4% Pr'8re&& in Ra/i' Fan)Mai# Ana#y&i&!!ublic #pinion 6uarterly =5=)%
Sc0a((er! Le*-e# C%! an/ Hanna(in! Mic0ae# $% 142% T0e E((ect& '( Pr'8re&&ive Interactivity
in Learnin8 (r'* Interactive Vi/e'!$ducational Communication and 'echnology0 ;6
= 4)42%
Sc0*it! $'&eeey P-B#i&0in8 C'%
Sc0-/&'n! Mic0ae#% 145% T0e I/ea# '( C'nver&ati'n in t0e St-/y '( Ma&& Me/ia!
Communication (esearch0 3 ; ;=7)4%
Sc0-#t! Tan+ev% 1444% Interactive O
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Interactivity 33
S0i*an'((! S-&an "% 14% Gr'-< Interacti'n Via C'**-nicati'n R-#e&% In R% S% Cat0cart
L% A% Sa*'ver E/&%! Small 1roup Communication, (eader3t0 e/%! % 142% Gr'-i##ia*&! Fre/eric.! St'ver! S0ar'n! an/ Grant! A-8-&t E% 1446% S'cia# A&0at Mi&&in8 t0e Te#e