Post on 10-May-2015
description
Interaction modalities, technologies, and tools for
interactive art Jorge C. S. Cardoso
http://jorgecardoso.eu
Objectives
• Overview of most common non-desktop interaction and computing paradigms
• Examples of technologies and tools that can be used to implement those interactions o Available tools at EArtes/UCP
• Most prominent people/references in these areas
• No code (for now)
Topics Gestural interaction Tangible interaction Brain interaction
Wearable computing Physical computing Digital public displays Mobile computing
Gestural interaction
Photo credits: Flickr user artmakesmesmile: http://www.flickr.com/photos/artmakesmesmile/169193698/
Gestural interaction
"A gesture is a motion of the body that contains information. Waving goodbye is a gesture. Pressing a key on a keyboard is not a gesture because the motion of a finger on its way to hitting a key is neither observed nor significant. All that matters is which key was pressed".
-- Kurtenbach and Hulteen (1990), cited by Billinghurst & Buxton (2011)
Gestural interaction
Technologies/Tools (ordered by the complexity of gestures: simplest to more complex) • Touch surfaces • Computer vision techniques • Wiimote • Kinect • MoCap
Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces
• Mostly planar, rectangular, glass(y) surfaces • Various technologies for detecting touch
o which have different limits for the number of simultaneous touches it can detect
• Gestures o Fingers only (small devices) o Hands/forearms (large(r) devices, depending on technology
used) o 2d movements only
• Number of users o one - personal devices (phones, tablets) o few - large surfaces (tables, walls)
§ depends on the orientation of the surface
Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces
Tablets/phones
• Singing fingers o Jay Silver o https://vimeo.com/12010952
Single-person interaction, fingers
Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces
Medium/Large surfaces
• Touch-Wall @ EArtes o Laser light plane (LLP) technique
(see Sandler 2012) o Multi-touch surface (in
development) o Vertical orientation o One-two person interaction o Fingers, hands
Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces
Medium/Large surfaces
• Bookstore @ EArtes
Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces
Medium/Large surfaces
• Interactive tables (Reactables) o Diffused illumination technique o Horizontal orientation o Up to four people interacting o Fingers, hands shapes o Three available @ EArtes
Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces
Very large surfaces
• Massive Curved Multi-Touch Screen o Reality touchscreen University of Groningen o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlWFtF06RFo
Several-person interaction, fingers, hands
Gestural interaction: computer vision
Computer vision (CV) techniques (non depth-cameras)
• Various kinds of surfaces/scenes
• Gestures o Varied, depends on positioning of camera
§ fingers § hands
§ whole body
o mostly 2d, but can also infer distance o not very precise
§ Can be very precise with controlled conditions
Gestural interaction: computer vision
Video Place
• Myron Krueger
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmmxVA5xhuo
Gestural interaction: computer vision
Edge/Swap
• Tiago Dionisio, Rudolfo Quintas
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSKpXZjECtY • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryX4Vq2-IKE
Gestural interaction: computer vision
BES Interactive Video Wall
• YDreams • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijrZQbSOONQ
Gestural interaction: computer vision
Balance
• Jorge Coutinho • https://vimeo.com/40506946
Gestural interaction: computer vision
Sketchsynth
• Billy Keyes • http://vimeo.com/42053193 • http://golancourses.net/2012spring/05/13/billy-keyes-
final-project-sketchsynth/
Gestural interaction: computer vision
All eyes on you
• Britzpetermann • https://vimeo.com/33186969
Gestural interaction: computer vision
Knee deep
• Emily Gobeille & Theodore Watson • https://vimeo.com/8805152
Gestural interaction: computer vision
Night lights
• YesYesNo • http://vimeo.com/8525186
Gestural interaction: computer vision
aB
• Jorge Coutinho • http://vimeo.com/29524291
Gestural interaction: Wiimote
Wiimote • Nintendo game controller
o Wireless: uses bluetooth to connect to a computer
o Has various accelerometer sensors to sense movement
o IR sensor for pointing
• Gestures o 3d movement, rotation o combined with the sensor bar, allows
pointing gestures
• Various wiimotes available @ EArtes
Gestural interaction: Wiimote
Wiimote
• Wiimote hacks o Johnny Chung Lee o http://www.ted.com/talks/
johnny_lee_demos_wii_remote_hacks.html
Gestural interaction: Wiimote
Pizza breakout
• Bruno Santos
Gestural interaction: Wiimote
Wii Drum High Tutorial
• He Zhao • http://vimeo.com/2406224
Kinect • XBox game controller
o Depth camera: senses the distance of each pixel to the camera (Borenstein 2012).
• Gestures o Detects a "point cloud" - pixels and their
distances to the camera o With extra software it's possible to
detect limbs (skeleton) positioning o More accurate than simple cameras
• Two available @ EArtes
Gestural interaction: Kinect
Gestural interaction: Kinect
Kinect Physics Tutorial for Processing
• Video showing the result of Processing code that uses Kinect
• http://www.creativeapplications.net/processing/kinect-physics-tutorial-for-processing/
Gestural interaction: Kinect
YScope medical interface
• YDreams • Gestural interface for an operating room • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91F6zErnCrs
Gestural interaction: Kinect
Control the Humanoid Robot by Kinect
• Using the skeleton detected by the Kinect to drive a robot
• ikaziso • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8BmgtMKFbY
Gestural interaction: Kinect
Unnamed soundsculpture
• Daniel Franke & Cedric Kiefer • Using various Kinect to model a dancer and then
process the data into visual effects
• https://vimeo.com/38505448
• honorary mention from the Prix Ars Electronica
Gestural interaction: Kinect
Make the line dance
• "1024" • Detection of skeleton + projection into human
body • https://vimeo.com/21308228
Gestural interaction: Kinect
Fragmentos de um olhar
• Pedro Serrano
Gestural interaction: LeapMotion
Leap Motion
• New controller for hand interactions • https://leapmotion.com/
Gestural interaction: MoCap
MoCap - Motion Capture
• MoCap Room
• High-speed infrared cameras detect markers placed on actor's body
• Gestures o Highly accurate gestures
• (Vicon MoCap available @ EArtes)
Gestural interaction: MoCap
T(ether)
• Tangible Media Group • Interaction with virtual volumetric
data • http://vimeo.com/42173010
Gestural interaction: MoCap
Portrait of the ghost drummer
• Odaibe • Visualization of the process of
playing on a drum kit • http://vimeo.com/34682556 • Non-interactive
Gestural interaction: computer vision
Computer Vision Tools
• Processing o BlobDetection o JMyron
• Max/Msp o Jitter o jit.cv external
• Community Core Vision o http://ccv.nuigroup.com/
Gestural interaction: Wiimote
Wiimote Tools
• Processing/Java o Motej - http://motej.sourceforge.net/ o Wigee - http://www.wiigee.org/
• Max/Msp o aka.wiiremote external -
http://www.iamas.ac.jp/~aka/max/
Gestural interaction: Kinect
Kinect Tools
• http://openkinect.org/wiki/Main_Page • Book "Making things see" (Borenstein 2012) • Processing/Java
o OpenKinect - http://www.shiffman.net/p5/kinect/ o SimpleOpenNI -
http://code.google.com/p/simple-openni/ o http://www.creativeapplications.net/processing/
kinect-physics-tutorial-for-processing/ • Max/Msp
o jit.freenect.grab - http://jmpelletier.com/freenect/
Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces
Tools
• Web apps o jQMultiTouch library
§ http://dev.globis.ethz.ch/jqmultitouch/
Gestural interaction
References
• Billinghurst & Buxton (2011). Gesture Based Interaction, http://www.billbuxton.com/input14.Gesture.pdf
• Borenstein, Greg (2012). Making Things See: 3D vision with Kinect, Processing, Arduino, and MakerBot, O'Reilly Media / Make
• Buxton, Bill (2012). Multi-Touch Systems that I Have Known and Loved, http://www.billbuxton.com/multitouchOverview.html
• Kurtenbach, G. & Hulteen, E. (1990). Gestures in Human-Computer Communications. In B. Laurel (Ed.) The Art of Human Computer Interface Design. Addison-Wesley, 309-317, http://www.billbuxton.com/inputManuscript.html
• Levin, Golan. Computer Vision for Artists and Designers: Pedagogic Tools and Techniques for Novice Programmers, http://www.flong.com/texts/essays/essay_cvad/
• Sandler, Seth (2012). LASER LIGHT PLANE MULTITOUCH TECHNIQUE, http://sethsandler.com/multitouch/llp/
Tangible interaction
Photo credits: Flickr user kedume: http://www.flickr.com/photos/kedume/746632510/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Tangible interaction
"[...] tangible interfaces give physical form to digital information, employing physical artifacts both as representations and controls for computational media. TUIs couple physical representations (e.g., spatially manipulable physical objects) with digital representations (e.g., graphics and audio), yielding user interfaces that are computationally mediated, but generally not identifiable as "computers" per se." - Ullmer & Ishii (2000)
Tangible interaction
Picture from Ullmer and Ishii (2000).
Tangible interaction
Tangible Media Group site
• http://tangible.media.mit.edu/projects/
Tangible interaction
Reactable
• Tangible musical instrument o Users manipulate physical objects to create and control the sound
o Can be used as a general tangible framework
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mgy1S8qymx0
Tangible interaction
Little Boxes
• ECAL/Joelle Aeschlimann • Music boxes for iPad • https://vimeo.com/45704273
Tangible interaction
Sketch-a-TUI
• Alexander Wiethoff, et al. • Set of printable objects for tangible prototypes • http://vimeo.com/38793875 • Paper
o http://tei-conf.org/12/Main/Sketchatui
• Printable objects o http://project-premium.org/sketch-a-tui/index.html
Tangible interaction
Birds on Paper • Chen-Wei Chiang, et al. • Drawing music • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqkkNotSQMo • Paper
o http://tei-conf.org/12/Main/Birdsonpaper
Tangible interaction
Chronotape • Peter Bennett • Tangible timeline with annotations • https://vimeo.com/28191512 • Paper
o http://tei-conf.org/12/Main/Chronotape
Tangible interaction
Splash Controllers
• Luc Geurts and Vero Vanden Abeele • Uncareful Manipulation of Water • Paper
o http://tei-conf.org/12/Main/Splashcontrollers
Tangible interaction
Skube
• Andrew Nip, Ruben van de Vleuten, Malthe Borch, and Andrew Spitz
• Tangible interface to Last.fm & Spotify Radio • http://www.creativeapplications.net/maxmsp/skube-
tangible-interface-to-last-fm-spotify-radio/
Tangible interaction
Faustine
• Carlos Caires & Jorge Cardoso • Interactive video installation inspired by the short story
"Morel's Invention" • https://vimeo.com/19043202
Tangible interaction
The garden of time
• Carlos Caires & Jorge Cardoso • Interactive video installation inspired by the short story
"The Garden of Forking Paths" • https://vimeo.com/24836769
Tangible interaction
Tools
• Reactable • TUIO - Fiducial tracking
o http://www.tuio.org/?software o Processing o Max/MSP o CCV
• Wiimotes • Other off-the-shelf hardware/sensors
Tangible interaction
References • G. W. Fitzmaurice, H. Ishii, and W. A. S. Buxton, “Bricks: Laying the
Foundations for Graspable User Interfaces,” in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI ’95, 1995, pp. 442–449.
• H. Ishii and B. Ullmer, “Tangible bits,” in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI ’97, 1997, pp. 234–241.
• Ullmer, B. and Ishii, H. (2000). “Emerging frameworks for tangible user interfaces,” IBM Systems Journal, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 915–931, Jul. 2000.
Brain interfaces
Photo credits: Flickr user Saad Faruque: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cblue98/7254347346/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Brain interfaces
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) or Mind-Machine Interface (MMI)
Using brain signals to interact with computers.
• Usually based on EEG readings • Various commercial devices available • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain
%E2%80%93computer_interface#Low-cost_BCI-based_Interfaces
Brain interfaces
Câmara Neuronal
• Adolfo Luxúria Canibal, João Martinho Moura, Miguel Pedro Guimarães
• http://projects.jmartinho.net/3486412/Camara-Neuronal-Video-Teaser
Brain interfaces
Brainwave beats
• Collin Cunningham • Midi notes from brain signals • Uses the Neurosky Mindset device • http://blog.makezine.com/2011/05/05/collins-lab-
brainwave-beats/
Brain interfaces
Mansion Maze 3 BCI Game Trailer
• Eric Rosendale, Ian McCabe, Veronica Cole, Aaron DeChamplain, and Matt Stephan
• BCI Game • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdYAIrr9nDw
Brain interfaces
Mind Control of Lego NXT Telepresence Robot
• Mark Bruce • Controling a lego robot using brain signals • Uses EPOC BCI device • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX741DZw8l4
Brain interfaces
Tools
• Neurosky Mindset (available @ EArtes) • EPOC neuroheadset - http://emotiv.com/emortal/cart/ • Processing library
o Neurosky Mindset Processing § http://jorgecardoso.eu/processing/
MindSetProcessing/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain
%E2%80%93computer_interface#Low-cost_BCI-based_Interfaces
Wearable computing
Geordi La Forge, Star Trek The Next Generation character wearing the VISOR
Wearable computing
"Wearable computing is the study or practice of inventing, designing, building, or using miniature body-borne computational and sensory devices. Wearable computers may be worn under, over, or in clothing, or may also be themselves clothes" (Mann, 2012)
Wearable computing
Image from: http://www.eyetap.org/research/wearables/wearcomp/wearables.html
Image from: http://www.interaction-design.org/
Wearable computing
Google Project Glass
• https://plus.google.com/+projectglass/posts • https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=9c6W4CCU9M4
(how will our world be in 5/10 years, when we all start wearing devices even more powerful than Glass?)
Wearable computing
XS Labs
• http://xslabs.net/
Wearable computing
Blazer 01.2
• A light emitting bracelet • Can be used to "draw" letters in the air
• Vincent leclerc • http://www.uttermatter.com/blazer/012/index.htm#
Wearable computing
cidZiy
• Capacitive sensing textile surface
• xslabs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zH4J6Uaf88A
Wearable computing
Kukkia
• Kukkia flowers frame the face and slowly open and close over time
• xslabs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5fd6AwGMhg
Wearable computing
See U in my Tee
• Inês Petiz • T-shirts that react to the presence of other t-shirts • http://wearable-technology.blogspot.pt/
Wearable computing
References • Mann, Steve (2012): Wearable Computing. In: Soegaard, Mads and Dam,
Rikke Friis (eds.). "Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction". Aarhus, Denmark: The Interaction Design Foundation. Available online at http://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/wearable_computing.html
Physical computing
Physical computing
"Physical computing, in the broadest sense, means building interactive physical systems by the use of software and hardware that can sense and respond to the analog world. (...) In the broad sense, physical computing is a creative framework for understanding human beings' relationship to the digital world. In practical use, the term most often describes handmade art, design or DIY hobby projects that use sensors and microcontrollers to translate analog input to a software system, and/or control electro-mechanical devices such as motors, servos, lighting or other hardware." - (Physical computing 2012)
Physical computing
Physical computing book
• O'Sullivan & Igoe 2004
Physical computing
reaDIYmate
• Olivier Mével and Marc Chareyron
• http://www.readiymate.com
Physical computing
An Instrument for the Sonification of Everyday Things
• Dennis P Paul • http://
www.creativeapplications.net/processing/an-instrument-for-the-sonification-of-everyday-things/
Physical computing
Piano playing stairs
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuNWkKBokts
Physical computing
What the phonics
• Andrew Spitz & Momo Miyazaki • https://vimeo.com/45747333
Physical computing
Barcode band
• Kang woon jin, Lee ha lim, Kim yong duk • https://vimeo.com/41132461
Physical computing
Syndyn
• André Rangel and Anne-Kathrin Siegel • https://vimeo.com/20859799
Physical computing
Little Bits
• Hardware components that can be assembled together • http://market.littlebits.cc/ • https://vimeo.com/45276780
Physical computing
MakeyMakey
• Circuit board that connects to a computer via USB and allows everyday objects to become controllers
• http://www.makeymakey.com/
Physical computing
Lego Mindstorms NXT
• Available @ EArtes • Lego kit with
o motors o distance sensor o light sensor o button o lego parts...
Physical computing
Tools • Arduino - http://www.arduino.cc/ • Galago - http://outbreak.co/galago • Digispark - http://digistump.com/ • Raspberry pi - http://www.raspberrypi.org/ • MakeyMakey -
http://www.makeymakey.com/ • LittleBits - http://littlebits.cc/ • Lego NXT Mindstorms (available @EArtes)
o http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx
• 3d printer, CNC, etc.
Physical computing
References • Physical computing. (2012, July 21). In Wikipedia, The
Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:37, September 22, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physical_computing&oldid=503476286
• Dan O'Sullivan, Tom Igoe. (2004). Physical Computing: Sensing and Controlling the Physical World with Computers, Thomson Course Technology, Boston, Massachusetts,
Digital public displays
Photo credits: Flickr user bmann: http://www.flickr.com/photos/boris/5104900447/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Digital public displays
Digital displays located in public areas, allowing anyone to see/interact with them
• Traditionally, public displays have been used to broad information from one active source to millions of passive receivers
• Digital public displays can change this o Turning receivers into active receivers o Supporting dynamic locally relevant information o Supporting user-generated content (many to many
content distribution) • Everyone can interact
o Everyone can see you interacting o Everyone sees the results from the interaction
Digital public displays
Advertising
Digital public displays
Honda Interactive Billboard using SMS and Bluetooth
• Users can "start" the car via SMS • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OudaJGtwdQ8
Digital public displays
BBC Billboard
• Voting billboards, users can SMS their vote • http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/06/
live_in_new_york_city.html
Digital public displays
Audio Jack Billboards
• Promoting a TV show "Big Love" • Users can listen to people's thoughts by plugin
headphones into the billboard • http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/audio-jack-billboard-
for-big-love
Digital public displays
Nokia's N90 interactive billboard
• YDreams • The billboard snaps people's pictures and displays them
on the billboard • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWgIswo3lV4
Digital public displays
Mini Billboard Interactive
• The billboard displays the names of the Mini car owners passing by
• http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/business/media/29cooper.html
Digital public displays
Nikon D700
• The billboard plays flashing cameras as people pass by. • http://www.thecoolhunter.net/article/detail/1570/nikon-
d700-guerrilla-style-billboard
Digital public displays
Ambient displays
• Information about their surroundings • Information visualization, aesthetics, art
Digital public displays
Hello Wall
• (Prante et al. 2003) • Can display various abstract information patterns • Can display group activity
Digital public displays
Informative Art ambient display
• Skog et al. 2003 • Display bus information (only the bus number 16 - two in
each direction) o Size of square: amount of time before bus leaves o Color: Time to leave to the bus stop o Position: right - buses to the city center; left - buses from
the city center
Digital public displays
Information Percolator
• Heiner et al. 1999 • A water bubble display
o Can be used to display various types of ambient information
• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~hudson/video.html
Digital public displays
Entertainment/Waiting times
Digital public displays
Mobilenin
• Scheible, Jürgen and Ojala, Timo • Paper
o http://www.mendeley.com/research/mobilenin-combining-multi-track-music-video-personal-mobile-phones-public-display-multi-user-interac
o Allows users to vote on the next video clip
Digital public displays
Public Youtube Player
• Allows users to have some control over the videos that are played
• at the EArtes' Bar display
Digital public displays
Everybody Votes
• Users can express their opinions regarding various questions and suggest their own questions
• at the EArtes' Bar display
Digital public displays
References
Heiner, J. M., Hudson, S. E., & Tanaka, K. (1999). The Information Percolator : Ambient Information Display in a Decorative Object. Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology - UIST ’99 (pp. 141–148). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/320719.322595
Prante, T., Röcker, C., Streitz, N., Stenzel, R., Magerkurth, C., van Alphen, D., & Plewe, D. (2003). Hello.Wall - Beyond Ambient Displays. Video Track and Adjunct Proceedings of the 5th Intern. Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP’03). Seattle, Wash., USA.
Skog, T., Ljungblad, S., & Holmquist, L. E. (n.d.). Between aesthetics and utility: designing ambient information visualizations. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2003 (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8714) (pp. 233–240). IEEE. doi:10.1109/INFVIS.2003.1249031
Mobile computing
Mobile computing
"Mobile computing is human–computer interaction by which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage. Mobile computing involves mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software." - (Mobile computing 2012)
Mobile computing
X-Fetch
• Daniel Santos, João Rema • City-wide game, peddy paper like • Players have to discover a set of clues spread across
the city (Porto) using a mobile device that plays videos pointing to next clues and that tracks players GPS locations
• http://jpn.c2com.up.pt/2005/10/29/xfetch_quando_o_real_e_o_virtual_se_confundem.html
Mobile computing
• GPS Drawing
Jeremy Wood http://www.gpsdrawing.com/gallery.html
Mobile computing
Mobile mobile
• http://www.theophane.co.uk/mobile-mobile • https://vimeo.com/8118881
Mobile computing
Pom
• Jorge Coutinho • Jogo Pong estendido a seis jogadores • https://vimeo.com/18579379
Mobile computing
References
• Mobile computing. (2012, September 8). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:56, September 30, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_computing&oldid=511364202