Intelligence

The Origins of Intelligence Testing

Origins of Intelligence Testing

Alfred Binet Attempted to

predict school achievement

Need for standardized test

Developed concept of Mental Age

Origins of Intelligence Testing

Lewis Terman Interpreted Binet’s

exam as a measure of innate intelligence

“The children of successful and cultured parents test higher than children form wretched and ignorant homes for the simple reason that their heredity is better”

Lewis Terman 1916

Origins of Intelligence Testing

Stanford-Binet the widely used American revision of Binet’s original

intelligence test Used to assess immigrants and World War I army

recruits Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

defined originally the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100

IQ = ma/ca x 100 on contemporary tests, the average performance for a

given age is assigned a score of 100 What do intelligence test questions look like?

Pattern Recognition

• 5. Which of the diagrams follows?•

• Correct answer: AExplanation: All the characters are letters back to back (C,D,E,F)

Pattern Recognition

• 2. Find the picture that follows logically from the diagrams to the right.

• Correct answer: C

Pattern Recognition

Please find the figure continuing the series:

                                                    

Verbal

• 2. Find the answer that best completes the analogy

• people : democracy :: wealthy :• A. oligarchy

B. oligopolyC. plutocracyD. timocracyE. autocracy

• Correct answer: plutocracy

Verbal

• . Rearrange the following letters to make a word and choose the category in which it fits.

• RAPETEKA• A. city

B. fruitC. birdD. vegetable

• Correct answer: bird (parakeet)

Verbal

• 4. Which one of the sets of letters below can be arranged into a five letter English word.

A. atrunB. podebC. rnaslD. mohatE. etlrn

• Correct answer: rnasl (snarl)

Verbal

• 2. If you rearrange the letters "BARBIT", you would have the name of a:OCEAN - COUNTRY - STATE - CITY - ANIMAL 

• Correct Answer: Animal (Rabbit) 

Verbal

• The word "smart" can be created using five letters from the word "barnstorm".

• Correct answer: true

Logic

• 30 years ago it took a worker five hours to make a chair. Today it takes him just 30 minutes.

• a) Man has become more industrious.• b) People work faster in order to avoid

unemployment.• c) Chairs have a shorter life cycle. • d) Workers have more spare time. • e) Productivity has increased.

• Correct answer: E

Logic

• Drinking and Driving causes many accidents. • a) People drink too much alcohol.• b) People should not drive when over the

legal limit. • c) There is a 20 per cent chance of causing an

accident by drunken driving.• d) Alcohol diminishes driving skills.• e) The police should carry out more

breathanalysing tests.

• Correct answer: D

Logic

• If all Boogles are Battuns, and some Battuns are Trandles, all Trandles must be Boogles

• Correct answer: False

Logic

• If a tree branch can hold three people and John weighs twice as much as Adam, and Rachel weighs half as much as Adam, then Rachel, John and Adam can all sit together on the tree branch safely.

• Correct answer: True

Logic

• 2. The day before the day before yesterday is three days after Saturday. What day is it today?

A. MondayB. TuesdayC. WednesdayD. ThursdayE. Friday

• Correct answer: E

Logic

• 5. 165135 is to peace as 1215225 is to• A. lead

B. love C. loop D. castle

• Correct answer: love

Logic

• 6. Library is to book as book is to• Binding Copy Page Cover• A. page

B. copy C. binding D. cover

• Correct answer: page

Math

• 6. What is the missing letter?

• Correct answer: HExplanation: Convert each letter to its numerical equivalent in the alphabet e.g. the letter "C" is assigned the number "3". Afterwards, for each row, multiply the numerical equivalents of the first two columns in order to calculate the letter in the third column.

E C O

B A B

G B N

D B ?

Math

• . Which number should come next in this series?• 25,24,22,19,15• A. 4

B. 5C. 10D. 14

• Correct answer: CExplanation: The pattern decreases progressively: -1, -2, -3, -4, -5

Math

• 2. Which number should come next in this series?• 3,5,8,13,21,• A. 4

B. 21C. 31D. 34

• Correct answer: DExplanation: 3+5=8, 5+8=13 and so on.

Classification

• 1. Which one of the five is least like the other four?BEAR - SNAKE - COW - DOG - TIGER 

• Correct answer: Snake 

Classification

• 3. Which one of the five is least like the other four?POTATO - CORN - APPLE - CARROT - BEAN  

• Correct answer Apple

Spatial

• 1. Which diagram results from folding the diagram on the left?

• • Correct answer: A

                                                                                                                     

     • Correct answer: A

Spatial

• 3.  Which one of the Rubik's cube below can be part of the sequence?

• Correct answer: C

               

               

               

               

A B C D

Visual

• 2. Which figure is the odd one out?

 • Correct answer: D

Visual

• 4.Which of the following figures is the odd one out?

 • Correct answer: C

Assessing Intelligence

Modern Tests of Mental Abilities Aptitude Test

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance

aptitude is the capacity to learn Achievement Test

a test designed to assess what a person has learned

Assessing Intelligence

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) most widely used intelligence

test subtests

verbal performance (nonverbal)

Assessing Intelligence: Sample Items from the WAIS

From Thorndike and Hagen, 1977

VERBAL

General Information Similarities Arithmetic ReasoningVocabularyComprehensionDigit Span

PERFORMANCE

Picture Completion Picture ArrangementBlock DesignObject AssemblyDigit-Symbol Substitution

Assessing Intelligence

Principles of Test Construction Standardization

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pre-tested “standardization group”

Normal Curve the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that

describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

The Normal Curve

Assessing Intelligence

• The Flynn Effect– Tests are often restandardized to keep

the average score near 100– Intelligence test performance has been

improving•The average person’s intelligence test

score 80 years ago by today’s standards would be a 76

– Causes are unknown

Assessing Intelligence

Reliability the extent to which a test

yields consistent results assessed by consistency of

scores on:Test/retestSplit-half

Assessing Intelligence

Validity the extent to which a test measures or

predicts what it is supposed to Content Validity

Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?

ex: driving test that samples driving tasks

Criterion behavior (such as college grades) that a

test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict

the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity

The Dynamics of Intelligence

Mental Retardation a condition of limited mental ability indicated by an intelligence score below

70 produces difficulty in adapting to the

demands of life varies from mild to profound

Down Syndrome retardation and associated physical

disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

The Dynamics of Intelligence