Post on 11-Feb-2016
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Patras9 July 2012
INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN POWER SYSTEMS
Razvan MagureanuUniversity POLITEHNICA Bucharest
Patras9 July 2012
Fig.1. Zeus in action
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Fig.2. Otto von Guericke producing and transporting static energy Fig.3. The kissing machine
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Fig.4. Equivalent power
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Fig.5. Projected global population (left) and energy demand (right)
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Fig.6. Primary resources
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Fig.7. Centralized and distributed solutions
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Fig. 8 Smart Grid with renewable sources and different types of loads
and storage facilities
AC
AC
2Grid
R
LLoad
1GridUcrainGrid
1 3
A B
C
AZ1
2AZ BZ2
3BZ
CZ31CZ
2
Ph
C3
CompComp
Ph Ph
Comp
C1 C2
kV20
V400
1T 3T
2T
filterActive
loadbridgeThyristor
kV20 kV20V400
V400
Asynchronous Connection
Patras9 July 2012
Fig.9. The diode bridge rectification of AC input Fig.10. Measured AC stator voltage (blue) and instantaneous currents (red).
Fig.11. Rectification with booster circuit. Fig.12. AC stator current (red) and fundamental (green). The AC voltage (blue) and DC output voltage (magenta).
Patras9 July 2012
Fig. 13. Typical wind turbine wind speed-power characteristic
Patras9 July 2012
Fig. 14. Double fed induction generator for variable speed applications
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Fig. 15. Solar radiation spectrum
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Fig. 16. Barstow central receiver system – heliostat field Fig. 17. Conversion of thermo energy into electricity
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Fig 18. Current-voltage characteristic of a typical silicon PV cell
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Fig 15. Connection of a photovoltaic panel to the grid
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Fig .19.
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Fig. 20.
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Fig. 21.
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Patras9 July 2012
Power Quality in AC Grids
Razvan MagureanuUniversity POLITEHNICA Bucharest
Patras9 July 2012
Fig. 1 Simplified low voltage power circuit model with a linear and a nonlinear load
Patras9 July 2012
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (s)
Non
linea
r Loa
d C
urre
nts
(A)
ianibnicn
a)
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Time (s)
Line
ar L
oad
Cur
rent
s (A
)ialiblicl
b)
Fig. 2 Current waveforms: a) for the nonlinear load; b) for
the linear load; c) for the mains
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (s)
Cur
rent
s Fr
om T
he M
ains
(A)
iamibmicm
c)
Patras9 July 2012
Fig. 3 Voltage waveforms: a) the mains; b) DPLL output
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time (s)
Pha
se V
olta
ges
(V)
vavbvc
a) 0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Time (s)
Sin
us; C
osin
us
v(1)
v(1)
b)
Patras9 July 2012
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (s)
Non
linea
r Loa
d C
urre
nts
In d
q Fr
ame
(A)
indIndinqInd
a) 0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Time (s)
Line
ar L
oad
Cur
rent
s In
dq
Fram
e (A
)
ildIldilqIlq
b)
Fig. 4 The dq synchronous frame instantaneous and average value currents: a) for the nonlinear load; b) for the linear load
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-10
0
10
i ahn (A
)
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-1
0
1
i ahl (A
)
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-10
0
10
i ahm
(A)
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-100
0
100
Time (s)
v ah (V
)
a)
b)
c)
d)
Fig. 5 Harmonic waveforms for the “a” phase: a) the current for the nonlinear load;
b) the current for the linear load; c) the current for the mains; d) the voltage for the
mains
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Fig. 6 The instantaneous and average value active power
0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.4-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Time (s)
Har
mon
ic A
ctiv
e P
ower
of t
he N
onlin
ear L
oad
(W)
Pnhpnh
a) 0.36 0.365 0.37 0.375 0.38 0.385 0.39 0.395 0.40
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Time (s)
Har
mon
ic A
ctiv
e P
ower
of t
he L
inea
r Loa
d (W
) Plhplh
b)
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Fig. 7 Diagram of a basic active filter configuration Fig. 8 Per phase results
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Fig. 9 Smart grid example
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Bridge rectifier
Active filter
siFi
DRCi RLi DRLi
1R
C
2R
3RL
Bridge rectifier
DCC
Fig. 10 Compensation at the PCC a) electric connections; b) uncompensated currents; c)
harmonics compensated currents
a)
b) c)
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Fig. 11. The block diagram for active filter control
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Fig.12 The experimental set-up
15...
30m
H0 ,27 . . .0 ,81 m H
+
3 x 0 ,35m H
K1
K3
K2
15m F
3 x
400V
,50H
z
m ax 100A
S KM 200 G B 1700
F iltrupas iv
10,8kHz
CCT 380.6/80
1...7
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Fig. 13 The controlled rectifier as nonlinear load Fig. 14 The inverter component of the active filter
Patras9 July 2012
Fig. 15 Experimental results for power and control parameters