Post on 09-Oct-2020
HIIT to counteract and prevent obesity in young students
Integrating high intensity intermittent training (HIIT)
in theatre open scenarios: scientific approach
Dr. Jacopo A. Vitale Post Doc Researcher IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute e-mail: jacopo.vitale@grupposandonato.it
SCIENTIFIC DATA
HIIT SCHEME and
REGIME
Let’s focus on these two aspects…
Students, teachers and parents HIIT scheme in theatrical context
SCIENTIFIC DATA
How, what, when, who?
Our Italian numbers: schools and people
4 secondary schools in/near Milan: • I.C. Grossi (N=77)
• I.C. Maffiucci (N=65)
• I.C. Frisi (N=15)
• I.C. Cardano (N=50)
12 (extra-)school groups (1h to 1.45h)
207 students
11 teachers
2 heroes / investigators
3 master students in Sport Science
1 master degree thesis +2 in October 2018
1 national congress (SISMES) in Brescia (ITA)
Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS
1. Anthropometric measures: Height
Weight
BMI
2. Physical tests * Standing broad jump
4x10 shuttle run test
3. Questionnaires Adolescent Food Habit List (AFHL)
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue–CSF)
Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-C)
Profile Of Mood States (POMS-SF)
4. HR monitoring / intensity Polar A370 HR monitor
Borg Scale (CR-10)**
Ethical Approval by University of Milan (28/11/2017, Ref N: 44/17)
** Artero EG et al. Reliability of field-based fitness tests in
youth. Int J Sports Med. 2011 Mar;32(3):159-69.
* Borg, G. (1998). Borg’s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales.
Champaign IL: Human Kinetics.
PRE – baseline
December 2017
POST – final
May/June 2018 (...ongoing…)
Informed consent, privacy laws, and experimental protocol
Data Collection: evidence-based evaluations
Anthropometric measures
Physical tests
Questionnaires
HR monitoring / intensity
Data Collection in Italy: PARENTS and TEACHER
PRE – baseline
December 2017
POST – final
May/June 2018 (...ongoing…)
PARENTS and TEACHERS
• Practice of physical activity
• Knowledge of HIIT
• Practice of HIIT
• Perception of Oblomov method
• Mood with reference to the
Oblomov method (fear, happyness,
curiosity, etc…)
• Perception of their sons’ life
and lifestyle.
• ….
Total number of students: 207
Mean age (years): 12.4 ± 1.5
Absolute N of female and male students: F = 97; M = 110
Relative N of female and male students: F = 46.8%; M = 53.2%
Mean Height (cm): 152 ± 8 *
Mean Weight (Kg): 46.7 ± 13.2 *
Mean B.M.I.: 20.2 ± 4.4 *,**
* Male students were higher, heavier and > BMI than females
Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS
BASELINE – Anthropometrics
Overweight ≃ 6% Obese ≃ 5%
Total «unhealthy» range ≃ 11%
** Cole TJ et al. Establishing a standard definition for child
overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey BMJ.
2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3.
Italian Ministry of Health in 2013:
22.2% of children are overweight.
10.6% of children are obese.
> prevalence in the South (40%).
Parents’ weight and level of instruction
seem to be associated with their children
healht.
Our STUDENTS…not so bad compared to national level
Overweight prevalence
Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS
BASELINE – Physical test
* Saint-Maurice PF et al. Establishing Normative
Reference Values for Standing Broad Jump Among
Hungarian Youth. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2015 Jun 26;86
Suppl 1:S37-44.
BROAD JUMP (cm): 142,4 ± 21,5 BROAD JUMP males (cm): 153,6 ± 18,3 BROAD JUMP females (cm): 131,2 ± 22,8
Example of standing broad jump
Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS
BASELINE – Physical test
* Ortega FB et al. Physical fitness levels among European
adolescents: the HELENA study. Br J Sports Med. 2011
Jan;45(1):20-9.
4x10 SHUTTLE RUN (sec): 12,5 ± 0,8 4x10 SHUTTLE RUN males (sec): 11,7 ± 0,7 4x10 SHUTTLE RUN females (sec): 13,2 ± 0,8
Example of 4x10 shuttle run test
Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS
BASELINE – Questionnaires
Adolescent Food Habit List (AFHL) (score: 0-23) • Total: 12,5 ± 5,2
• Males: 11,6 ± 4,6
• Females: 13,4 ± 6,4
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue–CSF) (score: 30-210) • Total: 134,6 ± 21,4 (mean: 4.5)
• Males: 141,6 ± 22,6 (mean: 4.7)
• Females: 128,4 ± 19,4 (mean: 4.2)
Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-C) (score: 1-5) • Total: 2,4 ± 0,6
• Males: 2,6 ± 0,6
• Females: 2,5 ± 0,4
Profile Of Mood States (POMS-SF)
* Johnson F, Wardle J, Griffith J. The Adolescent Food Habits
Checklist: reliability and validity of a measure of healthy
eating behaviour in adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002
Jul;56(7):644-9.
*
Petrides, K. V., Sangareau, Y., Furnham, A., & Frederickson, N. (2006). Trait emotional
intelligence and children’s peer relations at school. Social Development, 15, 537-547.
Richardson D, Cavill N, Ells L, Roberts K (2011) Measuring Diet and Physical Activity in Weight
Management Interventions: A Briefing Paper. Oxford: National Obesity Observatory
Data Collection in Italy: PARENTS and TEACHERS
BASELINE – Questionnaires
INTERESTED: 7.1 ± 0.8
USEFULL FOR THEMSELVES: 8.2 ± 1.0 (teachers only)
USEFULL FOR THEIR CHILDREN: 8.7 ± 1.3
HAPPY: 7.1 ± 0.5
CURIOUS: 8.6 ± 1.3 READY TO LEAD: 3.5 ± 0.9 (teachers only)
TIMOROUS: 7.4 ± 1.3
NERVOUS: 6.8 ± 0.9
MOTIVATED: 7.8 ± 1.1 (teachers only)
TEACHERS and
PARENTS
0 = in no way 10 = very very much
Preliminary data PRE vs POST: statistical approach
• The normal distribution of each variable was checked with the Shapiro–Wilk test and graphical methods.
• Un-paired t-test were used to compare data between male and females students.
• Paired t-test were used to compare data between PRE and POST evaluations.
• When normal distribution was not checked, non parametric statistical tests (Wilcoxon for paired or
Mann-Whitney) were used for all comparisons.
• (Correlations [Pearson’s r or Spearman’s rho] among variables (BMI vs performance; performance vs
habits; etc…) could be performed too).
• Effect size (Cohen’s D) and magnitude base inference (MBI) should be performed *
• A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
* Hopkins W, Marshall S, Batterham A, Hanin J. Progressive statistics
for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and
science in sports and exercise. 2009;41(1):3-13.
Preliminary data PRE vs POST (N = 65)
Questionnaires
Preliminary data PRE vs POST (N = 65)
Physical tests
HIIT SCHEME and
REGIME
HOW WE MEASURED IT? REGIME DEFINITION?
Alternative “new” proposal for obese children: HIIT *
* Eddolls WTB et al. High-Intensity Interval Training Interventions in
Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2017
Nov;47(11):2363-2374.
* Buchheit & Laursen. High-Intensity Interval Training, Solutions to the
Programming Puzzle Part II: Anaerobic Energy, Neuromuscular Load and
Practical Applications. Sports Med 2013.
HIIT training features:
Most effective of improving cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions;*
Widely used for athletes, children, elderly too;*
Short-to-long bouts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with recovery periods;*
Low volume time-efficient; *
Variety of forms, generally:
T < 10 sec all-out intensity (≥ 100% vVO2max)*
45 sec < T < 3 min high- but not maximal intensity (≥ 90% vVO2max)*
Manipulation of at least nine variables.*
vVO2max : lower speed associated with maximal oxygen uptake
… any of which has a likely effect on the acute
physiological response.
Manipulating HIIT appropriately
is important with respect to the
expected middle- to long-term
physiological and performance
adaptations*
HIIT rules: manipulation of 9 variables…
* Buchheit & Laursen. High-Intensity Interval Training, Solutions to
the Programming Puzzle Part II: Anaerobic Energy, Neuromuscular
Load and Practical Applications. Sports Med 2013.
Where we are then? This is our HIIT “puzzle”
1. Work intensity: 91% - 97% of HRmax.
2. Work interval duration: 2 mins.
3. Interval intensity: 60%-75% of HRmax.
4. Interval duration: 2 mins.
5. Exercise modality: variable.
6. Number of repetitions: 6 – 8.
7. Number of series: 1.
8. Total work: 12 mins (24 mins).
9. Work/rest ratio: 1:1.
3 1 2 4 5 6
DRAMATIZATION
HIIT
NB: determing HRmax with predictive formula validated for young students
The 208 - 0.7(age) equation can closely
predict mean HRmax in children.
*Mahon et al. Evaluating the prediction of maximal heart
rate in children and adolescents. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2010
Dec;81(4):466-71.
The "220 - age" equation overestimated the
measured HRmax and was not valid for
this population. The "208 - (0.7 x age)"
equation was valid for this population.
OUR SAMPLE, HRmax: 198-201 bpm
* Buchheit & Laursen. High-Intensity Interval Training, Solutions to
the Programming Puzzle Part II: Anaerobic Energy, Neuromuscular
Load and Practical Applications. Sports Med 2013.
Schematic illustration of the
energy system requirements for
different forms of high-intensity
interval training.
# vVO2max : lower speed associated with maximal oxygen uptake
#
HIIT rules: are we in a correct anaerobic regime?
S hort
H igh
I intensity
E njoyble
F lexible
T ime-efficient
S hared
Preteens’ level of enjoyment is
a strong predictor of their constant
participation in physical activity*
HIIT in the ObLoMoV methodology: a new approach
Let’s do a funny play!
Clear HIIT scheme but…reach
exactly 120 secs is not the aim.
Let’s play together!
* Lambrick et al. 2015. The effectiveness of a high intensity games
intervention on improving indices of health in young children. Journal
of Sports Sciences 34(3).
Theatre and sport: a possible connection
SPORT THEATRE Emotional
Social
Cognitive Development
Physical
Cultural
Rules
Space
Respect
Training
Group activity
THEATRE IS USED AS MOTIVATION TO DO SPORT
OPEN SCENARIO
HIIT in the ObLoMoV methodology: a new approach
Let’s fly to get rid
of Voldemort !
Let’s cross this
tricky bridge ! Let’s move to
leave our ship !
Socioecological model of obesity risk
* Jelalian et al. Behavioral intervention in the treatment of
obesity in children and adolescents: implications for
Mexico.Nutr Rev. 2017.
Obesity: multifactorial causes multifactorial solutions!*
Dr. Jacopo A. Vitale
Post Doc Researcher
IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute