Post on 25-Jun-2020
Institutional Degradation of Technical Rescue Programs
Tim Rogers RESCUE INSTRUCTORS GROUP-US
Process • In late 2008 issues with
NC-HART performance, during training and responses, were being informally identified and a number of informal attempts were made to address them.
• In 2011, a formal assessment of NC-HART actual capabilities verses expected capabilities was conducted and a report with recommendations was produced
Challenges • Need to maintain
alignment of any helicopter or water rescue program with existing or new NFPA, NIMS, or relevant standards
• Redesign programs so that there are relevant and maintainable skill paths for participants
• Make it affordable • Have previous training
and/or certifications count
Concerns • The number of skill sets
required per discipline, sub-discipline, course, advanced courses, and as those apply to various environments.
• Standards by which their requirements are overwhelming.
• The effect that each piece of existing or new equipment has on training and maintainable training.
NFPA Standards
• NFPA 1006 (2008 Edition) – Chapter 4 – Chapter 5 – Chapter 6 – Chapter 11 – Chapter 12
• NFPA 1670 – Chapter 4 – Chapter 9
NIMS SAR Credentialing • Project started in
2005 • 27 SAR job titles
consist of – Requisite and
recommended criteria
• Training • Education • Physical/Medical
Fitness • Certifications
NIMS Requisite Criteria • Applicable NFPA 1006, 1670, 1500, and 1952
Standards • Applicable ASTM Standards • OSHA 1910.120 or NFPA 472 • OSHA 1910.120 or 1910.134 • Minimum EMS First Responder per NFPA 1670 • Training conducted in Class 3 water per AWA
Section VI-Safety Code • Night Operations • ICS 100 and 200 • FEMA IS-700 and IS 800 • Medical and Physical Fitness Requirement Per the
AHJ (There are additional requisite criteria based on job
requirements.)
NIMS Job Titles/Water
• Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician (SFRT) • SFRT-Boat Bowman-Endorsements (SFBB) • SFRT-Boat Operator-Endorsements (SFBO) • SFRT-Animal Rescue (SFAR) • SFRT-Squad Leader (SFSL) • SFRT-Strike Team/Task Force Leader (SFTM) • SFRT-Technical Specialist (SFTS) • SFRT-Logistics Specialist (SFLS) • SFRT-Medical Specialist (SFMS)
NIMS Job Titles/Helicopter • Helicopter SAR Technician-HSRT • Helicopter SAR Crew Chief-HSRC • Helicopter SAR Pilot-HSRP (Endorsement is based on the
environments the rescuer would be operating in such as mountain/technical, still water, swiftwater, land, or urban areas)
Perpsective We use to look at a product and asked, “What can we add?” Now we look at a product and ask, “What can we take away?” Yvon Chouinard Since 9/11/2001, some 200 state sponsored Type 1 and/or Type 2 USAR teams have been created in the USA on top of the existing 28 federal teams
Water Task Force/Boat Squad Type V: Single Resource Model
Water Rescue Squad Leader (1)
SRT Bowman (2) SRT Boatman (2)
5 Total Personnel
Helicopter Assets
Type 4 Through Type 1 Teams
Assignments One aircraft assigned to support Type 4 or Type 3 Teams
Two aircraft assigned specifically to a Type 2 or Type 1 Team Minimum of four aircraft assigned to an area of operation
Air Operations Group/Branch (Assigned to TFL, Area, or Division)
Helicopter 1 7 Personnel
4 Aircrew-3 Rescuers Including RTL)
Helicopter 2 7 Personnel
(4 Aircrew-3 Rescuers Including RTL)
Helicopter 3 7 Personnel
(4 Aircrew-3 Rescuers Including RTL)
Helicopter 4 7 Personnel
(4 Aircrew-3 Rescuers Including RTL)
Water Task Force Type IV: Initial Swiftwater Rescue
Model
Water Rescue Mgr (1)
Water Rescue Squad Leader (2)
Logistics Specialist
Tech Info/Comm Specialist
SRT Boat Operator (4) SRT Bowman (4)
13 Total Personnel
Water Task Force Type III: Extended Local Flooding
Model Task Force Leader (1)
Safety Officer (1)
Logistics Spec (2)
Comm. Spec (1)
Water Rescue Mgr (1)
Water Rescue Squad Leader (3)
SRT Boat Operator (6)
SRT Bowman (6)
Tech Info Specialist (1)
22 Total Personnel
Water Task Force Type II: Wide Area Flood Model
35 Total Personnel
Task Force Leader (1) Assistant Task Force Leader (1)
Plans Mgr (1)
Safety Officer (1)
Logistics Mgr (1)
Logistics Spec (1) Tech Info Spec (1)
Medical Mgr (1)
Comm. Spec (1)
Dispatcher (1)
Water Rescue Mgr (1)
Water Rescue Squad Leader (2)
Water Rescue Squad Leader (3)
Water Rescue Mgr (1)
SRT Boat Operator (6)
SRT Bowman (6)
SRT Boat Operator (4)
SRT Bowman (4)
Water Task Force Type I: Hurricane Model
35 Total Personnel
Task Force Leader (1) Assistant Task Force Leader (1)
Search & Rescue Mgr (2) Plans Mgr (2)
Safety Officer (2)
Logistics Mgr (2)
Logistics Spec (2) Technical Info. Spec (2) Canine Team (2)
Rescue Spec (2) Rescue Spec (2)
Medical Spec (1) Medical Spec (1)
Canine Team (2)
HAZMAT Spec (1) HAZMAT Spec (1)
Tech. Search Spec (1)
Tech. Search Spec (1)
Structures Spec (1)
Structures Spec (1)
Medical Mgr (2)
Comm. Spec (2)
Dispatcher (2)
Water Rescue Mgr (2)
Water Rescue Squad
Water Rescue Squad
Water Rescue Squad
Water Rescue Squad
Water Rescue Squad
Water Rescue Squad
NC SWFT/Flood Courses
• Flood Response Agency Employee-1 Day-NFPA Awareness
• River Rescue Technician-2 Days-NFPA Compliant Only
• Flood Response Technician (SFRT) 4 to 5 Days-NFPA and NIMS Compliant
• Additional Qualification Modules/Endorsements – SFSL-1 Day-NIMS Compliant – SFAR-Undetermined-NIMS Compliant – SFLS-1 to 2 days-NIMS Compliant – SFMS-1 day-NIMS Compliant – SFTS-Undetermined-NIMS Compliant – SFTM-5 days-NIMS Compliant
NC Boat Courses
Following qualification as a Flood Response Technician (SFRT)
• SFBB and SFBO-5 Days-NIMS Compliant – Endorsements
• PWC • John Boats • Air Boats (Not hovercraft!)
Helicopter Courses Under Development/To Be Proposed
• Helicopter Rescue Operations-NFPA Compliant – Endorsements
• Mountain-Technical
• Still water • Swiftwater • Land • Urban/USAR
Under Development
• Position Task Book (PTB) will be created and issued to each participant
• Refresher/upgrade courses will be developed for each job title with a requirement schedule
Capability Assessment and NC-HART Program
Standardization
Capability • Training • Equipment • Management • Personnel
As they relate to the hazard assessment,
needs assessment, or environment.
Capability Relationships
Asset Capability Options
Institutional Degradation
Institutional Degradation Cause
• Compression From The Walls Of: – Time Constraints – Interest-By leadership, participants, or the
public – Relevance – Funding Constraints
Five Stages of Decline How the Mighty Fall
Jim Collins
• Hubris born of success • Undisciplined pursuit of more
• Denial of risk and peril • Grasping for salvation
• Capitulation to irrelevance or death
NC-HART Capability Assessment
• What is our desired capability based on: – What we are doing? – What we want to do? – What we think we can do? – What we need to do? – What we know we cannot do based on time or
funding? – The known or given limitations of a platform?
NC-HART Capability Assessment
Four levels of existing capabilities have been identified based on: Previous experiences during training Previous experiences during missions National and international helicopter rescue
response trends Environments Equipment The capabilities of airframes, aircrews, and
HSART members
NC-HART Capability Assessment
Capability and standardization can be then based on Level 1 through Level 4 approach
Levels would course through airframes and each aircrew or HSART member
Considerations are: Limitations of airframe Direction from the Air Boss
NC-HART Capability Standardization
Identify the desired level of capability for each airframe
Determine frequency of training for same Determine training location and
environment based on the airframe, desired capability level, and frequency
Temper such with sessions that address fundamental skills
Include and identify sessions that do not require an airframe or external support
Continue to evaluate program trends- are we doing what we think we are doing
Thank You
• Questions? • Concerns? • Comments?