Inorganic Substances

• Acids: substances that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water. pH of less than 7.

• Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. pH of more than 7.

• Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine.

NotContaining Carbon & Hydrogen

HCl H2SO4NaOH KOH NaCl MgCl2

Inorganic Substances

HOHSo what is water??

A little bitAcidic

A little bitBasic = Neutral

INORGANIC!

Organic Substances

• Carbohydrates: made up of simple sugars• Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides• Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least

1 fatty acid• Proteins: made up of amino acids

Organic Substances – contain and Carbon Hydrogen

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

direct all cell processes

catalysts transport

movement protectionimmune growth

energy storagecell structures

energy

Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

SugarsStarches

MeatsHormones

MuscleHairNails

EnzymesBlood Cells

FatsOils

Waxes

DNARNA

Organic Substances

InorganicAcid Base Salt

OrganicCarbohydrate

ProteinLipid

Nucleic Acid

Organic vs. Inorganic____________ – compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen

____________ – compounds that DO contain both carbon and hydrogen

Inorganic

Organic

Organic or Inorganic?

1. NaCl2. CO2 3. CH44. HCl5. C6H12O6

Inorganic – hydrogen chloride

Inorganic – carbon dioxide

Inorganic – sodium chloride

Organic – carbon tetrahydide (methane!)

Organic – glucose

Organic SubstancesMonomers link together to

form Polymers.

Polymers are large organic molecules called

MACROMOLECULES.

Macromolecules(4 Groups)

Sugars and Starches CH2O or 1:2:1

Sugar

Draw a C at every CORNER of the ring – see how each CORNER has 4 bonds, except for the one with Oxygen?

You will often see carbon rings drawn this way, with the C atoms implied by the 4-bond corners. Label the Carbon atoms to make counting easier!

NOW, count each type of atom!C: 6H: 12O: 6

C6H12O6 = GLUCOSE! The MONOMER for all corbohydrates!

To provide and store energy

MonosaccharidesDisaccharides

Polysaccharides

Monosaccharides(one sugar)

glucose

Disaccharides(two sugars)

fructoseglucose

Polysaccharides(many sugars)

1. Starch

2. Cellulose

3. Glycogen

Polysaccharides(many sugars)

Polysaccharides

A storage molecule found in plants. Plants store sugars in the form of starch for later use.

Polysaccharides

• A major component in cell walls of plants. The cellulose enables the plants to have rigid cell walls which allows them to

have sturdy trunks and branches.• Only a few organisms have the enzymes necessary for digesting

cellulose.

Polysaccharides

A storage molecule found in animals.

Animals store sugars in the form of glycogen for

later use.

Fats, Oils, and Waxes

Fatty Acid

Store EnergyInsulation

Cell Membrane

CholesterolPhospholipidsFats (triglycerides): Saturated Unsaturated

Fat (triglyceride)

Glycerol “3” Fatty Acid tails

• There are two kinds of fatty acids you may see on food labels:1. Saturated fatty acids: no double bonds (bad)2. Unsaturated fatty acids: double bonds (good)

OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

=

saturatedOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH

2 -CH2 -CH

2 -CH2 -CH

3

=

unsaturated

Phospholipids

“PHOSPHO”LIPID

Phospholipid

Chains of Amino Acids

Amino Acid

MeatsHormones

MuscleHairNails

EnzymesBlood Cells

Many Types

20 amino acids combine to form 1000s of proteins based on the various ways that they can combine

AminoAcid

AminoAcid

AminoAcid Amino

Acid

AminoAcid

Long chains of amino acids connected together by peptide bonds

Peptide Bond

Peptide Bond

Enzyme

Chains of Nucleotides

Nucleotide

NUCLEOTIDES.nitrogen base

phosphate

sugar

Direct cell processesProtein Synthesis

DNARNA

Base

Phosphate

Sugar

Protein Synthesis

Contains Genetic

Information