Post on 23-Dec-2015
Innovative Ways To Make Cost Effective LANs
for K-12 Schools
Mike Lynch
Telecommunications Industry Association
Fiber Optics LAN Section
2
TIA Fiber Optics LAN Section
Background and Mission
Formed in 1993 as part of TIA’s Fiber Optics Division
Members include: ADC, Berk-Tek, CommScope, Corning,
Fluke Networks, Leviton Voice & Data, OFS, Optek
Technology, Ortronics, Panduit, Sumitomo Electric
Lightwave, Transmission Networks, Tyco/AMP Electronics
Mission: To create a resource where people can learn about
the technical advantages and affordability that optical
transmission brings to customer-owned networks
3
Expanded FocusResult of Target Audience & Member Input
• Fiber-based LANs• Storage area networks• Data centers• Market-specific applications
Industrial Education Government
4
TIA Fiber Optics LAN SectionMany Resources Available
Web site Trade press articles White papers Press releases Editor briefings Stimulate complementary
standards development Interoperability
demonstrations
Presentations at industry conferences
Enterprise fiber case histories Equipment directories Web conferences
www.fols.org
Innovative Ways To Make Cost Effective LANs
for K-12 Schools
Mike Lynch
Telecommunications Industry Association
Fiber Optics LAN Section
6
Outline – Agenda
• FOLS Background• The New Fiber - Characteristics• Basic Network Designs
Applying designs to K-12 Schools Examples of net designs – Labs, Classrooms, Administration Applying Products to Designs
• FOLS Cost model Review of Assumptions Review model format Interactive cost modeling
• Summary - Next Steps
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Fiber Misconceptions “Not Your Father’s Fiber”
• Perception: Copper cable is smaller than fiber cable
• Fact: Fiber is 15% smaller
Size • Perception: Copper weighs less
than fiber• Fact: Fiber components are
heavier, but fiber cable is lighter
Weight
• Perception: Copper is more fire-resistant
• Fact: Fiber is plenum-rated, compatible with infrastructure
Rating
• Perception: Fiber is fragile• Fact: Fiber is 4+ times
stronger than copper
Strength
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A Distributed NetworkCopper and Fiber
In a conventional distributed structured cabling design, the backbone cable is optical fiber. The horizontal segment of the network typically consists of twisted-pair copper cable or optical fiber cable (depending on distance).
Backbone cables in an inter-building network travel from a main cross-connect (distributor) to one or more horizontal cross-connects within a telecommunication room, which includes active electronics equipment such as hubs, concentrators or switches. These would easily support a school administration network.
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A Centralized NetworkAll Fiber
Optical fiber’s bandwidth and ability to carry data over long distances is best utilized in centralized networks.
Centralized networks have more unblocked bandwidth than distributed networks and therefore are better suited to support combined voice, video and data traffic requiring quality of service implementation.
Optical fiber eliminates intermediate closets, thus simplifying network layout and reducing overall system cost. Classrooms are a good example of one of the places a centralized network could be implemented.
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Zone Cabling Architecture
Moves, adds or changes in an open-office environment can be accommodated quickly and efficiently through consolidation points by combining permanent feeder cabling with pre-terminated plug-and-play extender cables associated with the work area.
Zone cabling is a relatively new term for a concept being used in many schools today. One good example of where it could be used is in a computer lab.
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Standard Architectures Drive Lower Costs
• TIA-568 - in 1991• Centralized Cabling• Consolidation Points• Telecommunications Enclosures
Commonly know with “zone” cabling
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Zone, Tiny TR, Telecom Enclosure Update
• TR42.3 has drafted Telecom Enclosure (official name) Has finished final default ballot. Will be part of the ANSI/TIA-569-B Standard
TR42.1 has drafted a TE cabling implementation document Final default ballot complete - Will become an addendum for TIA 568-B.1
• Ballot Resolution Completed in February. • Final document integration this Summer.
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Traditional Design
HC in the TR
CubiclesOffices
= Telecommunications Outlet/Connector= Building Pathways
and Spaces= Horizontal Cross-
Connect= Telecommunications
Room
LEGEND:
TR
= Fiber Backbone Cable= Horizontal Cable
Optical Fiber Backbone
HC
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Zone Cabling with a Telecomm Enclosure
HC in the TR
CubiclesOffices
Optical Fiber Backbone
= Telecommunications Outlet/Connector= Telecomm Enclosure
with a switch= Building Pathways
and Spaces= Horizontal Cross-
Connect= Telecommunications
Room
LEGEND:
TR
= Fiber Backbone Cable= Horizontal Cable
HC
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School’s “Secret Weapon”
• Small inexpensive switch in every class• Managed or un-managed• Covered or accessible• Really used as a media converter
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Zone Distribution
Labs or Classrooms
Patch panels Patch cordsConnectorsCablesExtreme switches
Mini-SwitchCopper Cable
Fiber Cable
Patch PanelsPatch CordsConnectors
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For Classrooms
Patch panels Patch cordsConnectorsCablesExtreme switches
Centralized or Zone Designs
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Volition Network Solutions™
Fiber to the Classroom
2
1
3
CONSOLE
PCMCIA
MGMT
LINK
ACTIVITY DIAG A PSUSTATUS B PSU
1000 BASE-X
4321
GREENAMBER
FLASHING ORANGE
- ACTIVITY- LINK OK
- DISABLED
G M -4X i
45112
STATUS 1 2 3 4
STATUS
GREEN - LINK OK
100 BASE-FX
AMBER - ACTIVITY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
FM -24F i
45211
STATUS
GREEN - LINK OK
100 BASE-FX
AMBER - ACTIVITY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
FM -24F i
45211
Specifications:
(4) 1000BaseSX Uplinks(48) 100BaseFX Uplinks
(240) 10/100BaseTX Low Usage Ports(18) 10/100BaseTX High Usage Ports(24) 10/100BaseTX High Usage Lab
Ports
(18) Standalone Computers(30) Classrooms(1) Computer Lab
Alpine 3804 Chassis
Alpine 3800 4-Port GBIC ModuleAlpine 3800 24-port 100BaseFX ModuleAlpine 3800 24-port 100BaseFX Module
Centralized Main Closet
Typical Low Demand Classroom Typical Standalone ComputerTypical High Demand Lab
VOL-1081 Mini Switch
3M L2 Switcheswith Gigabit Uplink
100BaseFX Fiber Link
100BaseFX Fiber Link1000BaseSX Fiber Links
Workstation
Fiber NIC orMedia Converter
3804
DIAG
STATUS
A
B
PSU CONSOLE M ODEM M GM T
PCM CIALINK\ACTIVE
SM M i
45014
45015
1
2
3
4
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
AMBER = ACTIVITYGREEN = LINK OKFLASHING GREEN = DISABLED
STATUS
FM-24T i45213
1-12 12-24
GREEN
AMBER
FLASHING GREEN
- ACTIVITY
- LINK OK
- DISABLED
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
10/100 BASE-T XMDI-X
4
20
1
17
8
24
5
21
12
28
9
25
16
32
13
29
FM -32T i
45210
ST AT US
GREEN
AMBER
FLASHING GREEN
- ACTIVITY
- LINK OK
- DISABLED
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
10/100 BASE-T XMDI-X
4
20
1
17
8
24
5
21
12
28
9
25
16
32
13
29
FM -32T i
45210
ST AT US
1 0 0 0 B A S E -X
4321
G R E E N
A M B E R
F LAS H ING OR ANG E
- ACT IV I T Y
- LIN K OK
- D IS AB LE D
GM-4Xi
45112
S T AT US 1 2 3 4
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Testimonials on FOLS.org
• Education (K-12) Guilford County School System, Greensboro, N.C. Richardson Independent School District, Richardson, TX Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, Nashville, TN Fowlerville Junior High School, Fowlerville, Michigan Mother Teresa Catholic Secondary School, Ontario New York Public School 199, New York, New York
How Much Savings Can Design Changes Create?
FOLS Proprietary Cost Model developed by FOLS and Pearson
Technologies
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Cost Model Background & History
• Aug 2000 – Tolly Group white paper “Migrating to Fiber – The Case for Centralized Cabling” Paper need more robust “interactive” backup model
• 2001 – First version of Fiber Optic LAN Section (FOLS) cost model Focused on SFF connectors, and media converters Implemented conclusions of Tolly study with “real world” scenarios.
• April/May 2003 – Version 2 of cost model developed Updated new lower cost fiber and copper switches and other products Doubled the number of scenarios
• Added very low cost and Zone configurations
• Jan 2004 - Simplified Data Entry Developed
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Distributed vs. Centralized vs. Zone
• Distributed Accommodates the 100-meter limit of UTP copper cable. Necessitates media conversion in the telecommunications room. Typically, consists of high-speed uplinks
• Centralized Not bound by copper’s 100-meter limitation, nor do they require
media conversion from one physical medium to the other.
• Zone Combines the best of Centralized and Distributed Small telecommunications enclosures Use fiber for distance and bandwidth Copper for short distance final connections
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Cost Model AssumptionsTIA FOLS Fiber-Copper Cost Models
• Hierarchical star UTP vs. centralized fiber• Building “model”
8 story, 48 ports/floor Costs calculated on “per port” basis Port utilization
• Copper: 70%• Fiber: 90%
• Fiber used in riser subsystem (both models)• Horizontal subsystem
UTP: Cat 5e or Cat6 UTP (depending on model) Fiber: 62.5 or 50 µm multimode fiber
• Telecommunications room Copper TR: $20,000 Fiber TR: $4,500
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Cost Model Assumptions
• Twenty-one page document details all parts of the model• Updated as the cost model modifications are made.
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Cost Model Assumptions (cont.)Scenario 3: K-12
This scenario was developed in response to the growing need of K-12 schools toupgrade their networks to support higher bandwidth applications. The K-12 scenario includes afactor for maintenance labor that is not included in the other scenarios. This labor cost would berequired if TRs are installed within 100 m of the node. Such rooms would require a technician orengineer on staff for troubleshooting and maintenance. This labor factor results in additionalsavings since school administrators are unable to hire a technician for such maintenance. In themodel we have conservatively estimated 1 hour/week of maintenance time per TR.
UTP: The UTP model is the same model as in Scenario 1: the Cisco 3550 switch in theTRs at list price. This switch is linked via fiber to a GBE switch in the MC.
FTTD: The fiber model uses a UTP patch cord to an 8-port mini switch. This switch has afiber link to a fiber switch in a CDF.
For budget-conscious school districts, using fiber can help them achieve significantsavings. Compared to an UTP-fiber network, FTTD reduces the cost by $521.24/ node or by$200,160 for the complete network.
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Cost Model Assumptions (cont.)
Scenario 4: Fiber-to-the-ZoneWith one exception, the fiber-to-the-zone (FTTZ) scenario is identical to that in Scenario
3. The exception is the maintenance cost, which is excluded in this scenario to make it consistentwith all other scenarios (with the exception of Scenario 3, because that is how schools evaluateFTTZ). This scenario is based on eight nodes connected by UTP to a locally installed switch. Theswitch is located in a typical office environment and does not need environmental control. Theswitch has a 100 Mb/s fiber uplink to a MC, which contains a main fiber switch. If multiple mainswitches are needed, they would be linked via GBE over UTP, the best possible use of UTP!
FTTZ demonstrates a very cost effective way to bring the bandwidth capabilities of fibercloser to the user. Compared to an UTP-fiber network, fiber-to-the-zone saves users $443.13/portor $170,160 for the network.
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Cost Model – Interactive
Microsoft Excel Worksheet
Cost model available at www.fols.org
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Total loaded labor rate, $/hour 60UTP switch port utilization 70%
number of ports in switch in wiring closet 48 K-12 Scenario -- NEW fiber switch port utilization 90% Prices from 6/2003number of wings 8closet cost, @$/sq.ft= 150$
material materials labor
LOCATION UTP PLUS FIBER NETWORK cost, $ per node per node man-hrs
desktop UTP NIC 42.00 3Com managed 10/100 NICUTP jumper to wall plate 9.00wall plate 2.29jack 5.00 9.60 0.16horizontal UTP cable 45.00 Data Warehouse
telecom patch panel in closet 5.00 0.20 0.16room jack in patch panel 5.00 9.60 0.16
UTP jumper to switch 5.59 5.00 0.08switch; Cisco 3550 2995 89.14conversion to fiber in hub; 1000Base SX 288 6.00 0.00 Data Warehouserack 100 2.08 0.63 0.50
A cost/port 216.10 25.03
fiber jumper from switch to patch panel 6.40 0.00 FIS 2003 catalogfiber patch panel + enclosure 6.67 9.60 0.16jack 0.002 fiber connectors + barrels in patch panel 10.70 10.00 0.17 FIS 2003 catalogvertical riser fiber cable 14.13 FIS 2003 catalog 24f/riser
sub total 37.89 19.60B cost/port 0.79 0.41
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telecom power and lighting. 5 years @ $1.50/sq ft/yr 450.00room UPS 1000.00 30.00 0.50
support technician support 3750.00 30000$/yr*5years*2.50 %/closettemperature control 10000.00closet cost, 6x10 9000.00
sub total 24200.00 30.00C cost/port 504.17 0.63
MC duplex barrel in patch panel 0.00 2.50 0.042 fiber connectors + barrels in patch panel 10.70 10.00 0.17 FIS 2003 catalogfiber patch panel + enclosure 6.67 9.60 0.16fiber jumper from switch to patch panel 11.60 0.00 FIS2003catalogfiber switch, GBE, 8 port; data warehouse 1,099$ 137.38 16 port netgear GBE switchGBIC GBE module 240$ 240.00 estimate ext media conversion UPSgrounding
sub total 406.34 22.10D cost/port 8.47 0.46
SUB TOTALSA desktop to wiring closet 216.10 25.03B fiber in and to wiring closet 0.79 0.41C support costs 504.17 0.63D MC 8.47 0.46
GRAND TOTAL PER PORT 729.52 26.52756.04
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Total loaded labor rate, $/hour 60UTP switch port utilization 70%
number of ports in switch in wiring closet 48 K-12 Scenario -- NEW fiber switch port utilization 90% Prices from 6/2003number of wings 8closet cost, @$/sq.ft= 150$
material materials labor
LOCATION UTP PLUS FIBER NETWORK cost, $ per node per node man-hrs
desktop UTP NIC 42.00 3Com managed 10/100 NICUTP jumper to wall plate 9.00wall plate 2.29jack 5.00 9.60 0.16horizontal UTP cable 45.00 Data Warehouse
telecom patch panel in closet 5.00 0.20 0.16room jack in patch panel 5.00 9.60 0.16
UTP jumper to switch 5.59 5.00 0.08switch; Cisco 3550 2995 89.14conversion to fiber in hub; 1000Base SX 288 6.00 0.00 Data Warehouserack 100 2.08 0.63 0.50
A cost/port 216.10 25.03
fiber jumper from switch to patch panel 6.40 0.00 FIS 2003 catalogfiber patch panel + enclosure 6.67 9.60 0.16jack 0.002 fiber connectors + barrels in patch panel 10.70 10.00 0.17 FIS 2003 catalogvertical riser fiber cable 14.13 FIS 2003 catalog 24f/riser
sub total 37.89 19.60B cost/port 0.79 0.41
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Total loaded labor rate, $/hour 60UTP switch port utilization 70%
number of ports in switch in wiring closet 96 K-12 Scenario -- NEW fiber switch port utilization 90% Prices from 6/2003number of wings 1closet cost, @$/sq.ft= -$
material materials labor
LOCATION UTP PLUS FIBER NETWORK cost, $ per node per node man-hrs
desktop UTP NIC 0.00 3Com managed 10/100 NICUTP jumper to wall plate 9.00wall plate 2.29jack 5.00 9.60 0.16horizontal UTP cable 45.00 Data Warehouse
telecom patch panel in closet 5.00 0.10 0.16room jack in patch panel 5.00 9.60 0.16
UTP jumper to switch 5.59 5.00 0.08switch; Cisco 3550 2995 44.57conversion to fiber in hub; 1000Base SX 288 3.00 0.00 Data Warehouserack 100 1.04 0.31 0.50
A cost/port 125.49 24.61
fiber jumper from switch to patch panel 6.40 0.00 FIS 2003 catalogfiber patch panel + enclosure 6.67 9.60 0.16jack 0.002 fiber connectors + barrels in patch panel 10.70 10.00 0.17 FIS 2003 catalogvertical riser fiber cable 14.13 FIS 2003 catalog 24f/riser
sub total 37.89 19.60B cost/port 0.39 0.20
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telecom power and lighting. 5 years @ $1.50/sq ft/yr 450.00room UPS 1000.00 30.00 0.50
support technician support 3750.00 30000$/yr*5years*2.50 %/closettemperature control 10000.00closet cost, 6x10 9000.00
sub total 24200.00 30.00C cost/port 504.17 0.63
MC duplex barrel in patch panel 0.00 2.50 0.042 fiber connectors + barrels in patch panel 10.70 10.00 0.17 FIS 2003 catalogfiber patch panel + enclosure 6.67 9.60 0.16fiber jumper from switch to patch panel 11.60 0.00 FIS2003catalogfiber switch, GBE, 8 port; data warehouse 1,099$ 137.38 16 port netgear GBE switchGBIC GBE module 240$ 240.00 estimate ext media conversion UPSgrounding
sub total 406.34 22.10D cost/port 8.47 0.46
SUB TOTALSA desktop to wiring closet 216.10 25.03B fiber in and to wiring closet 0.79 0.41C support costs 504.17 0.63D MC 8.47 0.46
GRAND TOTAL PER PORT 729.52 26.52756.04
50
telecom power and lighting. 5 years @ $1.50/sq ft/yr 450.00room UPS 1000.00 30.00 0.50
support technician support 3750.00 30000$/yr*5years*2.50 %/closettemperature control 1000.00closet cost, 6x10 0.00
sub total 6200.00 30.00C cost/port 64.58 0.31
MC duplex barrel in patch panel 0.00 2.50 0.042 fiber connectors + barrels in patch panel 10.70 10.00 0.17 FIS 2003 catalogfiber patch panel + enclosure 6.67 9.60 0.16fiber jumper from switch to patch panel 11.60 0.00 FIS2003catalogfiber switch, GBE, 8 port; data warehouse 1,099$ 1099.00 16 port netgear GBE switchGBIC GBE module 240$ 240.00 estimate ext media conversion UPSgrounding
sub total 1367.97 22.10D cost/port 14.25 0.23
SUB TOTALSA desktop to wiring closet 125.49 24.61B fiber in and to wiring closet 0.39 0.20C support costs 64.58 0.31D MC 14.25 0.23
GRAND TOTAL PER PORT 204.72 25.36230.08
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ampI duplex jack in patch panel 0.83 10.00 0.17 FIS, p. 72 2003 catalogfiber patch panel 1.28 10.00 0.17 FIS, p. 72 2003 catalogfiber jumper from switch to patch panel 1.58 FIS, p. 72 2003 catalogswitch; 48 port VOL-5000NA 26.89 9292 80 % list pricegigabit uplink to other switches included in cell L44UPSgrounding
sub total 30.57 20.00D cost/port 30.57 20.00
SUB TOTALSA desktop to wiring closet 54.38 35.00B fiber in and to wiring closet 1.05 0.00C support costs 0.00D MC 30.57 20.00
86.00 55.01GRAND TOTAL PER PORT 141.01
FTTD $-UTP $= -89.07 $/port Fiber is the lowest cost solution.-8551 $, total Users save $89.07/port
If additional costs of closets on each floor = this value: -8551then the two networks have the same cost
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SummaryHow Fiber Can Save Money In K-12 Schools
• Use Zone architecture concepts– Decrease the number of wiring closets– Cover long run distances to classrooms over 100m away– Enable network managers to use inexpensive switches as media
converters– Easier to manage– High bandwidth applications or for use supporting PC labs.