Post on 14-Jan-2016
Infrared measurements from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)
on GOES-R
UW-Madison
James J. GurkaOffice of System Development (OSD)
NOAA/NESDIS
Jun Li@, W. Paul Menzel#, Timothy J. Schmit#, and many CIMSS collaborators
@CIMSS/UW-Madison#NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
2nd Annual AMS SymposiumFuture National Operational Environmental Satellites Feb 1, 2006 Atlanta, GA
Infrared measurements from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)
on GOES-R
UW-Madison
Heritage Sounders (GOES, NAST-I, IMG, AIRS, GIFTS)Hyperspectral Environmental Suite
Dealing with CloudsUsing ABI in tandem
Summary
2nd Annual AMS SymposiumFuture National Operational Environmental Satellites Feb 1, 2006 Atlanta, GA
The road to HES-IR
VAS (1980-)
GOES Sounder (1994-)
GIFTS (2009?)
(12)
(18)
(~1600)
(~1600)
HES (2012+)
time
VTPR, HIRS (1972, 1978-)
CrIS (2009-)
IASI (2005-)
AIRS (2003-)
HIS (1986-)
IRIS (1969)
(~2400)
(~8500)
IMG (1997)
NAST-I (1998-)
(~1300)
(~8600)
(~23000)
HES will be the first operational high spectral, spatial and temporal resolution instrument
Current GOES sounder obtains 18 broad spectral IR bands
LEO VS. GEO 850hPa RH Validation
30
35
40
45
50
55
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Hour
S1
Sco
re
CONV
LEO
GEO-I
Significant Findings from GOES-R Sounder OSSE Two polar orbiting interferometers (Leo) do not provide the temporal coverage to sustain forecast improvement out to 12 hours. Only the hourly Geo-Increased Spectral Resolution Sounder (Geo-I) observations depict moisture changes well enough for forecast benefit.
OSSE 12 hr assimilation followed by 12 hr forecast
Guess CIMSS Physical
Guess CIMSS Physical
Inversion
Inferring surface properties with AIRS high spectral resolution dataBarren region detection if T1086 < T981 T(981 cm-1)-T(1086 cm-1)
T(1086 cm-1)
Barren vs Water/Vegetated
AIRS data from 14 June 2002
Hyperspectral Dust/Aerosol Modeling
kCARTA+DISORT, spectral resolution = 0.0025 cm-1
Negative slope
Effect of Dust Particle Sizes Effect of Dust Layer Location
Green – Clear Spectrum
Negative Slope 880 to 920 cm-1– The Dust Signature
10 May 2003 (1554 UT)
Anatahan Volcano viewed with AIRS
SO2 signal1284-1345 cm-1
Ash signal1228-995 cm-1
Anatahan
AbsScatTot
Tobin, CIMSS, 2004
Isabel Eye Sounding from AIRS
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Temperature Anomaly (C)
Pre
ss
ure
(h
Pa
)
Eye Sounding
EnvironmentSounding
Eye - Environment Temperature
Integrate Hydrostatic Equation Downward from 100 hPa to SurfaceEnvironment Sounding: Ps = 1012 hPaEye Sounding: Ps = 936 hPaAircraft Recon: Ps = 933 hPa DeMaria, CIRA, 2004
Infrared measurements from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)
on GOES-R
UW-Madison
Heritage SoundersHyperspectral Environmental Suite
Dealing with CloudsUsing ABI in tandem
Summary
2nd Annual AMS SymposiumFuture National Operational Environmental Satellites Feb 1, 2006 Atlanta, GA
Future GOES
Future GOES will address all four key remote sensing areas
* spatial resolution – what picture element size is required to identify feature of interest and to capture its spatial variability;
* spectral coverage and resolution – what part of EM spectrum at each spatial element should be measured, and with what spectral resolution, to
analyze an atmospheric or surface parameter;* temporal resolution – how often does feature of interest need to be
observed; and * radiometric resolution – what signal to noise is required and how
accurate does an observation need to be.
Sounder Comparison (GOES-Current to HES-Req)
Coverage Rate CONUS/hr Sounding Disk/hr
Horizontal Resolution
- Sampling Distance 10 km 4 - 10 km
- Individual Sounding 30-50 km 10 km
Vertical resolution ~3 km 1 km
Accuracy
Temperature 2 deg. K 1 deg. K
Relative Humidity 20% 10%
Current Requirement
Surface Emissivity
Surface Albedo
Vegetation FractionVegetation Index
Sea & Lake Ice / Displacement & Direction
Sea & Lake Ice / Age
Sea & Lake Ice / Concentration
Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Characterization
Sea & Lake Ice / Surface Temp
Currents
Ocean Color
Ocean Optical Properties
Ocean Turbidity
Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Edge
Sea & Lake Ice / Motion
Sea & Lake Ice / Thickness
Ice Cover / Landlocked
Snow Cover
Snow Depth
Sea Surface Temps
Energetic Heavy Ions
Solar & Galactic Protons
Solar Flux: EUV
Mag Electrons & Protons: Low Energy
Solar Flux: X-Ray
Mag Electrons & Protons: Med & High Energy
Solar Imagery: X-Ray
Derived Stability Indices
Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile
Rainfall Potential
Dust/Aerosol
Probability of Rainfall
Rainfall Rate
Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile
Capping Inversion Information
Moisture Flux
Total Precipitable Water
Total Water Content
Pressure Profile
Downward Solar Insolation
CO Concentration
Upward Longwave Radiation
Ozone Total
Downward Longwave Radiation
Radiances
Absorbed Shortwave Radiation
Reflected Solar Insolation
Fire / Hot Spot Imagery
Flood / Standing Water
Microburst Wind Speed Potential
Derived Motion Winds
SO2 Detection
Land Surface (Skin) Temperature
Clear Sky Masks
GOES-R Observational Requirements
ABI – Advanced Baseline Imager
HES – Hyperspectral Environmental Suite
SEISS – Space Env. In-Situ Suite
SIS – Solar Instrument Suite
GLM – GOES Lightning Mapper
Magnetometer
Aerosol Detection
Aerosol Particle Size
Suspended Matter
Volcanic Ash
Aircraft Icing Threat
Cloud & Moisture Imagery
Cloud Imagery
Cloud Layers / Heights & Thickness
Cloud Particle Size Distribution
Cloud Base Height
Cloud Ice Water Path
Cloud Liquid Water
Cloud Optical Depth
Cloud Top Phase
Cloud Top Height
Cloud Top Pressure
Cloud Type
Cloud Top Temperature
Enhanced "V"/Overshooting Top Detection
Hurricane Intensity
Convection Initiation
Imagery: All-Weather / Day - Night
Lightning Detection
Low Cloud & Fog
Turbulence
Visibility
Geomagnetic Field
14
HES-IR Tasks• HES - Disk Sounding (HES-DS)
– Provide vertical moisture and temperature information, and other environmental data that will be used by NOAA and other public and private agencies to produce routine meteorological analyses and forecasts
– Provide data that may be used to extend knowledge and understanding of the atmosphere and its processes in order to improve short/long-term weather forecasts.
• HES - Severe Weather / Mesoscale (HES-SW/M)– Provide environmental data that can be used to expand knowledge of
mesoscale and synoptic scale storm development and provide data that may be used to help in forecasting severe weather events.
– 1000 x 1000 km in less than 5 minutes
Targeted observations -- look where we need the information
UW/NOAA
HES
Moisture Weighting Functions
Pre
ssur
e (h
Pa)
Pre
ssur
e (h
Pa)
Advanced Sounder
GOES (18)
1000 1000
100 100
UW/CIMSS
High spectral resolution advanced sounder will have more and sharper weighting functions compared to current GOES
sounder. Retrievals will have better vertical resolution.
TPW 01km/MODIS TPW 02km/ABI on GOES-R
TPW 04km/GIFTS TPW 10km/HES on GOES-R
GOES-R / MTG IR sounder spectral coverage considerations
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Spectral coverage details are not yet fully defined.
spectral coverage spectral resolution
HES 6 bands (red): LWCO2[718-800](0.625) + LWW[800-990](0.625) + SWW[1075-1200](0.625) + LWH2O[1210-1666](1.25) + SWH2O[1666-2150](1.25) + SWCO2[2150-2400](2.5)
CrIS (blue): LW[650-1095](0.625) + MW[1210-1750](1.25) + SW[2155-2550](2.5)GIFTS (green): LW[685-1200](0.625) + SW[1650-2250](0.625)HES 3 bands (black): LWW[800-990](0.625) + LWH2O[1210-1666](0.625) + SWCO2[2150-2400](2.5)
Infrared measurements from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)
on GOES-R
UW-Madison
Heritage SoundersHyperspectral Environmental Suite
Dealing with CloudsUsing ABI in tandem
Summary
2nd Annual AMS SymposiumFuture National Operational Environmental Satellites Feb 1, 2006 Atlanta, GA
AIRS BT(K) @ 901.69 cm-1 1km MODIS classification mask superimposed to AIRS footprints
F3: Thick ice clouds
Profile Retrievals in Cirrus Clouds with NAST-IProfile Retrievals in Cirrus Clouds with NAST-I
NASA SRL dataMay 30, 2002 (19.5 – 23 UT)
(37.8N, 100W)
Aerosol Backscatter
Thin cirrus produces little effect on retrievalThin cirrus produces little effect on retrieval
May 30, 2002o
o
GOES IR (2208UT)
o
SRL
SRL
Flight Track
GOES IR (2208UT)
o
GOES Visible (2208 UT)
Flight Track
Infrared measurements from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)
on GOES-R
UW-Madison
Heritage SoundersHyperspectral Environmental Suite
Dealing with CloudsUsing ABI in tandem
Summary
2nd Annual AMS SymposiumFuture National Operational Environmental Satellites Feb 1, 2006 Atlanta, GA
Improved products will be realized from combinations of ABI and HES (Hyperspectral Environmental Suite) data
(IR and Visible/near IR on the HES-Coastal Water)!
ABI
HES
Surface emissivity
Spectral coverage
Spectral resolution
Temporalresolution
Spatialresolution
Cloudmasking
Using ABI for HES cloud-clearing
• ABI and HES see the same IR spectral regions
• ABI can be used for QC on HES cloud-cleared radiances and sounding retrieval
Aqua MODIS IR SRF Overlay on AIRS Spectrum
Direct spectral relationship between IR MODIS and AIRS provides unique application of MODIS in AIRS cloud_clearing !
AIRS clear(13.5 km)
AIRS clear + CC-S(13.5 km)
MODIS clear(1 km)
Infrared measurements from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)
on GOES-R
UW-Madison
Heritage SoundersHyperspectral Environmental Suite
Dealing with CloudsUsing ABI in tandem
Summary
2nd Annual AMS SymposiumFuture National Operational Environmental Satellites Feb 1, 2006 Atlanta, GA
GOES-R HES temporal (hourly), spectral (~1 cm-1), spatial (4-10 km), & radiometric (~0.1 K) capabilities will
* depict water vapor as never before by identifying small scale features of moisture vertically and horizontally in the atmosphere
* track atmospheric motions much better by discriminating more levels of motion and assigning heights more accurately
* characterize life cycle of clouds (cradle to grave) and identify cloud particle sizes (useful for radiative effects of clouds)
* measure surface temperatures (land and sea) by accounting for emissivity effects (improved SSTs useful for sea level altimetry applications)
Summary
* GOES Sounder utilization is still evolving; there is another decade of opportunity
* Excellent data sets are being gathered to facilitate hyperspectral sounder science and algorithm development (GOES-R3 & GOES AWG)
* The right balance of spatial, temporal, spectral, and radiometric capabilities must be specified
* Combination of ABI and HES will give new and improved products
More information…
NASA’s (draft) HES PORD (PERFORMANCE AND
OPERATION REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT):http://goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/HEShome.htm
GOES-R Program Office Portal:https://osd.goes.noaa.gov/
CIMSS page:http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/hes/
Email:James.Gurka@noaa.gov