Information Visualisation and its Application in Scientometrics

10th Student SeminarDRTC

Date : 18-12-2014 Presenter : Manash Kumar

Content

● Introduction● Visualisation● Information Visualisation● Types and Levels of Analysis of InfoVi● Component of Information Visualisation● Some Information Visualisation tool● Purpose of Scientometrics● Some InfoVis tool for Scientometrics● Sci2● Use of Information Visualisation in Scientometrics● Conclusion

It looks like a swirl. There are smaller swirls at the edges. It has different shades of red at the outside, and is mostly green at the inside. The smaller swirls have purple highlights. The green has also different shades. Each small swirl is composed of even smaller ones. The swirls go clockwise. Inside the object, there are also red highlights. Those have different shades of red also. The green shades vary in a fan, while the purple ones are more uni-color. The green shades get darker towards the outside of the fan......

Visualisation

● Understanding and seeing. ● Defination of visualisation :

– The use of computer-supported, visual representation of data to amplify cognition

● The purpose of visualisation is insight not the picture.

Visualisation (continued...)

● Visualization is a generic concept in which two specific domains are distinguished– Scientific Visualisation = Visualistion applied to

physical data● Human body, the earth, molecules or other.

– Information Visualisation = Visualisation applied to abstract data

● For example computer file systems, databases, documents, stocks etc.

Information Visualisation

● Information + Visualisation

Why Information Visualisation

● Visualisation– Enhance cognition– Answer questions– Generate hypotheses– Make decisions– See data in context– Expand memory– Support computational analysis– Find patterns– Tell a story

Visualisation of famous Napoleon's march to Moscow

Visualisation of famous Napoleon's march to Moscow(continued...)

Visualisation of famous Napoleon's march to Moscow(continued...)

Information Visualisation Goals

● Analyse data to support reasoning● Record information● Confirm hypotheses● Communicate ideas to others

Different Types of Analysis

● Statistical Analysis / Profiling

Different Types of Analysis (continued...)

● Temporal Analysis (When)

Different Types of Analysis (continued...)

● Geospatial Analysis (Where)

Different Types of Analysis (continued...)

● Topical Analysis (What)

Different Types of Analysis (continued...)

● Network Analysis (With Whom)

Different Levels of Analysis

● Micro

Individual Level

● Meso/Local

Group Level

● Macro/Global

Population Level

Types of Visualisation(Reference System)

1.Charts: No reference system—e.g., Wordle.com, pie charts

2. Tables: Categorical axes that can be selected, reordered; cells can be color coded and might contain proportional symbols. Special kind of graph.

3. Graphs: Quantitative or qualitative (categorical) axes. Timelines, bar graphs, scatter plots.

4. Geospatial maps: Use latitude and longitude reference system. World or city maps.

5. Network graphs: Node position might depends on node attributes or node similarity. Tree graphs: hierarchies, taxonomies, genealogies. Networks: social networks, migration flows.

Graphic Variable Types(Representation of Data Attributes)

● Position– X, Y and possibly Z Quantitative

● Form– Size Quantitative

– Shape Qualitative

● Color– Value (Brightness) Quantitative

– Hue Qualitative

– Saturation Quantitative

● Texture– Pattern, Rotation, Density Gradient Quantitative

● Optics– Crispness, Transparancy, Shading Qualitative

Some Information Visualisation Tools

ToolInterface Open Source

(yes/no)Operating System

Distingushing features

D3js JavaScript library Yes Web browsers, js engines

Static and dinamic presentation

DataScene GUI No Linux, Windows 2D & 3D graphics, animated graphs, data analysis,.

EJS GUI Yes Linux, Mac OS X, Windows

Ready-to-publish Java applets

GeoGebra GUI Yes Linux, Mac OS X, Windows

Useful for rendering Geometry, Graphs, Statistical Diagrams

GNU Octave GUI, command line, C, C++, Fortran

Yes FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Solaris

MATLAB compatible, extensive user contributed toolboxes

Some Information Visualisation Tools

Tool Interface Open source (yes/no)

Operating System

Distingushing features

Gnuplot Commandd line, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk, third-party GUIs

Yes Amiga, Atari ST, BeOS, Linux, Mac, MS-DOS, OS/2, OS-9/68k, Ultrix, Windows, VMS

Built in scripting language

MATLAB GUI No Linux, Mac OS X, Windows

Matrix system

Sci2 GUI Yes Linux, Windos, Mac OS X

Mapping of science

Xgraph GUI, Command line

No Any (web basedd application)

Online spreadsheet

Scientometrics

Application of Information Visualisation in Scientometric

Scientometrics

● Scientometrics is the study of measuring and analysing science, technology and innovation.

● Scientometrics involves studies in– History of science

– Growth of science and scientific institutions

– Behaviour of science and scientists.

– Science policy and decision making

Purpose of Scientometrics

● Citation mapping .

● Visualization of the bibliographic coupling among authors .

● Identifying patterns and trends in scientific literature.

● Bibliographic analysis .

Information Visualisation of Scientometrics Data

● Visualisation of scientometrics data helps us to answer questions such as– What are the major research areas, experts,

institutions, regions, nations, grants, publications?

– Which areas are most insular?

– What are the main connections for each area?– What is the relative speed of areas?

– Which areas are the most dynamic/static?– What new research areas are evolving?

– How does funding influence the number and quality of publications?

Tools Used for Scientometrics Information Visualisation

Tool Purpose Type

Authormap It is used for citation mapping and visualization Web tool

Bibcouple It is used for visualization of the bibliographic coupling among authors

Software application

Citespace It is used for visualizing patterns and trends in scientific literature

Map

HitCite Bibliographic analysis and visualization software

Software

Science of Science Used for mapping and visualising all types of scientometrics data

Software

Science of Science Tool (Sci2)

● Open source.● Is a modular toolset specifically designed for

the study of science.● It supports the

– temporal, geospatial, topical, and network analysis.

– visualization of datasets at the micro (individual), meso (local), and macro (global) levels.

Sci2● Input data format supported :

– Bibtex (.bib)

– TreeML (.xml)

– CSV (*.csv)

– Edgelist (.edge)

– Endnote Export Format (.enw)

– GraphML (.xml or .graphml)

– ISI (*.isi)

– NSF csv format (.nsf)

– NSF format (.nsf)

– Pajek (*.net)

– Scopus format (*.scopus)

– XGMML (.xml)

– NWB (.nwb)

– Pajek Matrix (.mat)

Visualisation Creation by Sci2

Work Flow

Work Flow (continued...)

Work Flow (continued...)

Work Flow (continued...)

Work Flow (continued...)

Another Example of Scientometrics InfoVis Using Sci2

Another Example of Scientometrics InfoVis Using Sci2 (continued...)

Another Example of Scientometrics InfoVis Using Sci2(continued...)

Conclusion

● Information Visualisation can be used in many different fields.

● There are a number of recently developed visualization techniques.

● Different technique is used according to user need and data types.

● Wrong visualistion representation can mislead interpretation.

References

● Garfield,Eugene. (2007), From The Science of Science to Scientometrics : Visualizing the History of Science with HistCite Software.

● Elmqvist, Niklas and Tsigas, Philippas. CiteWiz: A Tool for the Visualization of Scientific Citation Networks.

● Sci2 Tool. Retrieved on 12th Dec, 2014 from https://sci2.cns.iu.edu/user/documentation.php

● Information Visualization MOOC. Retrieved on 2nd Dec, 2014 from http://ivmooc2014.appspot.com/course

● Few, Stephen. (2008), What Ordinary People Need Most from Information Visualization Today.

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