Influencing Fleet Driver Behaviour

Dr Lisa DornFleet 200 Event

MillbrookJune 27th 2012

l.dorn@cranfield.ac.uk

Behaviour Based Safety approach

DriverMetrics

Evidence based behavioural interventions

Introduction

Behaviour Based Safety

BBS highly effective in many safety-critical industries

How does BBS work?

Set goals for target behaviour

Give information on behaviours that increase crash risk

Give information about the consequences of taking risk

Assess intention and commitment to behaviour change

Provide support/resources for achieving target behaviour

Develop stress and time management strategies

Provide praise and encouragement

Monitor behaviour and review goals

Develop relapse prevention strategies

9 Principles of BBS

• Assess driver behaviour via Driver Risk Index

• DRI development since 1986

• DM Established 2006

• Owned by Cranfield University

• DRI variants

Assessing behavioural risks

DriverMetrics®

• Valid and reliable online scales responses compared with norm group and instant profile sent

• Over 100K profiles and benchmarked for over 25 countries

• Feedback and driver coaching

• Self reflection on personal strengths and weaknesses

Fleet Driver Risk Index Factors

Situational RiskAge, driving experience, mileage, licence, crash history etc

Behavioural Risk FactorsWork Related Risk

Aggression Hazard Monitoring Driving Excitement

Driving Fatigue

Driver Coping StylesDriving FocusConfrontation

Driving ConcernsSelf Evaluation

Correction FactorsImpression Management

Driver Confidence

Our Clients Include...

Identify

ReviewAct

3 Stage Process

Driver Risk Index

Management Information

System

Targeted Interventions

DriverMetrics® Solution

• Black boxes

• Driver training

• e-training

Targeted Interventions

BBS and Telematics

Telematics - diverse range of in-vehicle technologies for driver data collection, monitoring and analysis

On-board safety monitoring devices assesses driver behaviour and how to improve risk via feedback

BBS and Telematics

Blind profiling then feedback condition or control group

30% reduced crash involvement (Lehmann & Cheale,1998) 20% crash reduction for treatment (Wouters & Bos (2000)Reduced risk and cost savings (Levick and Swanson, 2005)Reduced crash and repair costs by 25% (Georgia Tech, 2002)Drivers of cars fitted with EDRs 105 fewer fatalities

compared with control group (Veronica I, 2006)Reduced risk and total crashes for 7 mths (Toledo et al, 2008)Safety-related events reduced (Hickman and Hanowski, 2011)

Effects not permanent!

Baseline then website feedback reduced risk for 4 mths - returned to pre-feedback levels by month 5 (Toledo and Lotan, 2006)

Baseline then website feedback; 44% crash reduction - higher levels within 10 mths (Musicant et al, 2007)

Need embedded education to support telematics

Algorithm as a proxy for safety?

Driver Training

• Five major international reviews - little evidence that driver training contributes to crash reduction for any driver group (Vernick et al, 1999; Woolley, 2000; Christie, 2001; Roberts et al, 2002; Mayhew and Simpson, 2002)

• Goals for Driver Education (Hatakka et al, 2002)

• Driver coaching uses a behavioural approach

BBS workshops

Fleet driver workshops can reduce crash risk (e.g. Gregersen et al, 1996; Salminen, 2007)

BBS and e-training

• Scenario-based e-training modules

• Develops hazard perception and visual search skills

• Software low cost but effective (af Wåhlberg, 2010; Isler, et al, 2008; Dorn 2011; Horrey, 2009)

• Fleet driver risk management packages and FDRI+

E-training

• e-training to develop situational awareness, hazard perception and visual search skills

• Software low cost but highly effective (af Wåhlberg, 2010; Isler, et al, 2008; Dorn 2011; Horrey, 2009)

Management decisions and

leadership can undermine

BBS and influence driver

behaviour

(Dorn, 2012)

Safety Culture

• BBS approach is highly effective

• Assess driver behavioural risk using validated measures

• Use behavioural interventions

• Consider how to improve your safety culture

Conclusion