Post on 26-Mar-2015
Influence of Academic Training and Gender on Drugs Use of a Spanish University Population
Msc and Ph.D. Project of Veronica Varela MatoSupervised by
Dra. Stacy Clemes and Dr. J.M. Cancela
Contact e-mail: v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
To Talk about
• Background
• Aim and Sample
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusion
• References
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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Background
• Vigo University, Spain.• Pontevedra Campus.
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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Sample
Pontevedra Campus, 3467 students (2010)Pontevedra Campus, 3467 students (2010)
N=985N=985 Heads of SchoolsHeads of Schools
LecturersLecturers
Students, self-reported and validated questionnaireStudents, self-reported and validated questionnaire
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Sample distribution 5
Measures
Tobacco (cigarettes per day)
Alcohol (Frequency, amount, binge drinking per week)
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
Eroski consumer
Illicit drugs (types, last week)
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Aim: Patterns of consumption
Patterns of consumption
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Health-related Degrees(PA+SC, Nursing, Physiotherapy)
Education-related Degrees (Childcare, Primary, PE…)
Non-Health or non-Education related Degrees(Engineering, Fine arts, Advertising and Public Relation, Audio-visual communication)
Statistical Analyses
Odds Ratio (OR) 95% CI
To compare the difference between the consumption median for each groupTo compare the difference between the consumption median for each group
To assess the association between drugs consumption and different groupsTo assess the association between drugs consumption and different groups
Chi-square test. 95% CI
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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To stratify the analysis according to gender and academic trainingTo stratify the analysis according to gender and academic training
Mantel-Haenszel test
Analyses
Licit Drugs Illicit Drugs
Aca
dem
ic D
isci
plin
es
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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Results: Alcohol
WEEKEND, 77% of students drank alcohol (p<0.05)WEEKEND, 77% of students drank alcohol (p<0.05)
Binge drinking, Male: 8 or + SDU
Female: 6 or + SDU
FEMALE vs. MALE56% vs. 41%
(p< 0.001)
Binge drinking, Male: 8 or + SDU
Female: 6 or + SDU
FEMALE vs. MALE56% vs. 41%
(p< 0.001)
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
Females: 73.8%Females: 73.8%
Males: 83.7%Males: 83.7%
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Results: Tobacco
34% of students were habitual smokers (p<0.05)(8+ cigarettes per day) 1
34% of students were habitual smokers (p<0.05)(8+ cigarettes per day) 1
Particularly WOMEN, 35% vs. 32% (p=0.38)Particularly WOMEN, 35% vs. 32% (p=0.38)
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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Results: Illegal Drugs
35.4% had used illegal drugs in the last week35.4% had used illegal drugs in the last week
No significant differences in daily use (p=0.22)No significant differences in daily use (p=0.22)
Higher prevalence among MEN, 45% vs. 31% (p< 0.001)Higher prevalence among MEN, 45% vs. 31% (p< 0.001)
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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Results: Academic Disciplines
Alcohol use: No significant differences (p>0.05)Alcohol use: No significant differences (p>0.05)
Illegal drugs: 44% of C vs. 30% of A & B (p<0.05)Illegal drugs: 44% of C vs. 30% of A & B (p<0.05)
Tobacco use: 40% of C & B vs. 20% of A (p<0.05)Tobacco use: 40% of C & B vs. 20% of A (p<0.05)
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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Group A: PA+SC, Nursing, Physiotherapy.Group B: Childcare, Primary, PE, Musical EducationGroup C: Engineering, Fine arts, Advertising and Public Relation, Audio-visual communication.
Group A: PA+SC, Nursing, Physiotherapy.Group B: Childcare, Primary, PE, Musical EducationGroup C: Engineering, Fine arts, Advertising and Public Relation, Audio-visual communication.
Summary
Alcohol
WOMENLowest rate: group ASig. differences between groups (p<0.05)
WOMENLowest rate: group ASig. differences between groups (p<0.05)
WEEKEND Binge drinking: WOMEN No sig. differences between groups (p>0.05)
WEEKEND Binge drinking: WOMEN No sig. differences between groups (p>0.05)
MENLowest use: group ASig. differences between groups (p<0.05)
MENLowest use: group ASig. differences between groups (p<0.05)
Tobacco
Illegal Drugs
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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Conclusion
• Binge drinking results - population distribution (2,3)
• Binge drinking strongly related to university life style (4,5)
• Spanish students doing health-related degrees (A) smoked less (6,7) & less drugs use. (8,9) Illegal drugs &
• High prevalence of licit/illicit drugs consumption among university students (10) with clear differences by gender.
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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Future projects
• Gender-sensitive strategies to promote a healthier lifestyle among Spanish university students (Women)
• Comparative study among this sample and students from Loughborough University, with the aim of elaborate an international research.
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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References
1. López A, Collishaw N, Piha T. A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tob Control 1994; 3: 242-7.
2. Cortes MT, Espejo TB, Gimenez JA. Characteristics that define the 'botellon' phenomenon in university students and adolescents. Adicciones 2007; 19: 357-72.
3. Mota N, Alvarez-Gil R, Corral M, et al. Risky alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking among Spanish University students: a two-year follow-up. Gac Sanit. 2010;24:327-7
4. von Bothmer MI, Fridlund B. Gender differences in health habits and in motivation for a healthy lifestyle among Swedish university students. Nurs Health Sci 2005; 7: 107-18.
5. Kelly-Weeder S. Binge drinking in college-aged women: framing a gender-specific prevention strategy. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2008; 20: 577-84
6. Fernandez D, Martin V, Molina AJ, et al. Smoking habits of students of nursing: a questionnaire survey (2004-2006). Nurse Educ Today 2010; 30: 480-4.
7. Mas A, Nerin I, Barrueco M, et al. Smoking habits among sixth-year medical students in Spain. Arch Bronconeumol 2004; 40: 403-8.
8. Leatherdale ST, Hammond DG, Kaiserman M, et al. Marijuana and tobacco use among young adults in Canada: are they smoking what we think they are smoking? Cancer Causes Control 2007; 18: 391-7.
9. Pérez A, Ariza C, Sánchez-Martínez F, et al. Cannabis consumption initiation among adolescents: a longitudinal study. Addict Behav 2010; 35: 129-34.
10..
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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Thank you very much
Veronica Varela-Mato & Stacy Clemesv.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
Alcohol, SDU.
v.varela-mato@lboro.ac.uk
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The most consumed drugs between the age range of 15 and 64 years old were alcohol and tabaco followed by cannabis and hipnosedantes
The prevalence of drugs consumption was higher for all substances in men than women except for hipnosedative, were the prevalence was higher for women.
EDADES 2009/10 EDADES 2009/10 Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre DrogasDelegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas
Drugs use (%) last 12 months de 15 a 64 añosDrugs use (%) last 12 months de 15 a 64 años
21
78,7
63,3
72,976,776,678,175,278,5
6064,664,163,761,864
11,010,214,914,115,713,712,7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009/10
Últimos 12 mesesÚltimos 30 díasDiariamente en los últimos 30 días
Constant drugs use in comparason with other years.
Weekend.
The most consumed type of alcohol is beer.
EDADES 1997- 2009/10 EDADES 1997- 2009/10 Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre DrogasDelegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas
Alcohol consumption (%) age range: 15 to 64 years Alcohol consumption (%) age range: 15 to 64 years oldold
22EDADES 1997- 2009/10 EDADES 1997- 2009/10 Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre DrogasDelegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas
25,921,2
3,6 4,9 6,3 5,5 5,08,8
39,1 38,3 36,340,7 40,3 38,9 44,0
19,1 19,6 18,1 21,0 20,923,2
18,320,2
16,5 16,6 17,1 15,2
4,1
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009/10
Hombres 15 a 34 años
Mujeres 15 a 34 años
Hombres 35 a 64 años
Mujeres 35 a 64 años
Borracheras (%) en los últimos 12 meses de 15 a 64 años por edad y sexo.
En 2009, el 23,1% de la población de 15 a 64 años se emborrachó en los últimos 12 meses. (67% hombres y 33% mujeres)
Tendencia ascendente de las borracheras de 15 a 64 en ambos sexos y grupos de edad.
Consumos intensivos de alcohol de 15 a 64 años: Consumos intensivos de alcohol de 15 a 64 años: BorracherasBorracheras
23EDADES 1997- 2009/10 EDADES 1997- 2009/10 Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre DrogasDelegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas
* Binge drinking: ingesta de 5 o > bebidas alcohólicas (hombres) y 4 o > (mujeres) en la misma ocasión (en el plazo de un par de horas)
2009, the 14,9% of the population between 15 to 64 years old had binge drinking (70% men, 30%women).
binge drinking higher prevalence among men between 15 to 34 years old.
binge drinking* in the last 30 days. Age range :15 a 64 years old /sex.
binge drinkingbinge drinking
24
10
20
30
40
50
60
Últimos 12 meses 46,8 44,7 46 47,8 42,4 41,7 42,8
Últimos 30 días 42,9 40,1 41,4 42,9 38,4 38,8 39,4
Diariamente en losúltimos 30 días
34,9 33,6 35,7 36,7 32,8 29,6 31,8
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009/10
Ley 28/2005
Tendency towards stabilization after the social debate before the approval of the law 28/2005.
Debate social
EDADES 1997- 2009/10 EDADES 1997- 2009/10 Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre DrogasDelegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas
Tobacco consumption (%). Age range 15 to 64 Tobacco consumption (%). Age range 15 to 64 years oldyears old
25
Similar daily use by between the age range of 15 to 34 and 35 to 64 years old
Tendency towards decreasing among women. 15 to 34 years old.
EDADES 1997- 2009/10 EDADES 1997- 2009/10 Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre DrogasDelegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Hombres 15-34 41,4 36,3 39,8 40 37,1 31,5 35,9
Mujeres 15-34 36,5 34,2 36,4 36,8 33 29,7 28
Hombres 35-64 44 39,5 41,8 43,7 36,9 33,9 36,4
Mujeres 35-64 19,1 25,1 25,9 27 25,3 24,4 26,7
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009/10
Daily tobacco use (%) by sex and ageDaily tobacco use (%) by sex and age
26
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Alguna vez en la vida 14,5 22,9 19,6 23,8 29 28,6 27,3 32,1
Últimos 12 meses 7,5 7,7 7 9,2 11,3 11,2 10,1 10,6
Últimos 30 días 4,6 4,5 6,4 7,6 8,7 7,2 7,6
Diariamente en losúltimos 30 días
0,7 0,8 1,5 1,5 2 1,7 2
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 20072009/1
0
Leve incremento del consumo experimental: atribuible al intervalo de edad entre 20 y 34 a.
Descenso en intervalo 15 a 19 a.
Cannabis the most consumed drug between15 to 64 years oldStabilised consumption from 2003
EDADES 1995- 2009/10 EDADES 1995- 2009/10 Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Observatorio Español sobre Drogas Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre DrogasDelegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas
Cannabis consumption (%) between 15 to 64 years Cannabis consumption (%) between 15 to 64 years old.old.
Universidad Complutense de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madrid
Universidad Complutense de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madrid
Universidad Complutense de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madrid