Post on 14-Feb-2016
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INFANCYCognitive and Language Development
Cognitive DevelopmentCognitive Development
Learning: A DefinitionLearning: A Definition Change in behavior Change must be relatively stable. Change must result from experience.
How Soon Do Infants Start How Soon Do Infants Start Learning?Learning?
Learning in the Womb De Casper Cat in the Hat
Newborn Learning Sameroff’s experiments
Piaget: The Sensorimotor Piaget: The Sensorimotor PeriodPeriod
Refers to the coordination of motor activities with sensory inputs. Capacity to look at what they’re listening to Object permanence: Capacity to view the
external world as permanent Inability to represent world internally
Neo-and Post-Piagetian Neo-and Post-Piagetian ResearchResearch
Playing is Learning Playing gives babies clues as to what
they should do and when they should do it. Consequences of Maternal Depression
Youngster lags behind in emotional, language and social development
Bruner on Modes of Cognitive Bruner on Modes of Cognitive RepresentationRepresentation
We “know” something in three ways: Enactive: doing it Ikonic: picture or image of it Symbolic: language
Continuity in Cognitive Continuity in Cognitive Development from InfancyDevelopment from Infancy
Decrement and Recovery in Attentiveness Two components of attention indicative of
intelligence in youngsters: Decrement of attention Recovery of attention
Language and ThoughtLanguage and Thought
LanguageLanguage Language: a structured system of sound
patterns that have socially standardized meanings.
The Functional Importance of The Functional Importance of LanguageLanguage
Two contributions: Communication: The process by which people
transmit information, ideas, attitudes and emotions
Facilitation of thought and other processes.
Language as Container of Language as Container of ThoughtThought
Thought takes place independently of language
Words are only necessary to convey thought to others.
Language as a Determinant of Language as a Determinant of ThoughtThought
Language develops parallel with, or prior to, thought.
Conceptualization: Grouping perceptions into classes or categories based on similarities.
Theories of Language Theories of Language AcquisitionAcquisition
Nativist TheoriesNativist Theories Noam Chomsky et.al. Human beings begin life with the
underpinnings of later speech perception and comprehension.
“Pre-wired” by their brain circuitry for language use
Chomsky’s Theory of Chomsky’s Theory of Language DevelopmentLanguage Development
Language Acquisition Device All languages possess:
Surface Structure Deep Structure
Transformational grammar biologically built in.
Other Nativist StudiesOther Nativist Studies The Twins’ Early Development Study
(TEDS) The Cambridge Language and Speech
Project Genetics of Developmental Dyslexia International Molecular Genetics Study of
Autism
Arguments for Arguments for Nativist TheoriesNativist Theories
Children Acquire Language with Little Difficulty
Adult Speech is Inconsistent, Garbled and Sloppy
Children’s Speech is not a Mechanical Playback of Adult Speech.
Learning and Interactionist Learning and Interactionist TheoriesTheories
Caretaker Speech Interactional Nature of Caretaker Speech Motherese
Language DevelopmentLanguage Development
Communication ProcessesCommunication Processes Nonverbal Communication or Body
Language Physical movements Gaze Pointing Paralanguage
The Sequence of Language The Sequence of Language DevelopmentDevelopment
From Vocalization to Babbling Babbling Receptive Vocabulary Holophrases Overextension Two-Word Sentences Telegraphic Speech
BilingualismBilingualism Critical period of language acquisition:
prior to onset of puberty Best time to learn a new language is early in
life.