Post on 17-Aug-2021
INF 5890 IT og Ledelse Enterprise Architecture:
Service Oriented Architecture
Bendik BygstadIFI 27 Feb 2013
What is architecture?
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
Top‐down view• “the fundamental organization of a
system, • embodied in its components, their
relationships to each other and the environment,
• and the principles governing its design and evolution”
ISO/IEC 42010, 2007
Bottom‐up view• How does new functionality
emerge from existing elements?
Alexander: A Pattern Language
The Ideal City, 15th century
Greek island Symi
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
Three levels of IT architecture
– Enterprise Architecture (EA)– Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) – System/Application architecture
Service Oriented Architecture: Definition
• SOA is a framework for designing flexible and loosely‐integratedservices, in distributedenvironments
• A service is an autonomous unit offunctionality
• Web services are oftenused as building blocks
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
Figure:http://abdennour‐insat.blogspot.no/2012/04/soa‐tutorial.html
Service Oriented Architecture: Benefits
– Flexibility: the ability to include both new and old systems into a distributed but seamless whole
– Reuse: sharing components over the whole organization and even outside it
– Efficiency: the ability to run the operation 24/7 at acceptable costs
Rosen, M., et al. 2008INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
Implementation of SOA: The Enterprise Service Bus
Application
Enterprise Service BusConnectivity, Routing, Transformation, Security
ERPsystem
CRMsystem
Legacysystem
ExternalERP
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
SOA is not an easy technology…
Promise of SOA
Supports business transformation
Comprehensive implementation
Status of SOA
Mainly perceived as technical solution
Fragmentedimplementation
Hirschheim et al. 2010.
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
A SOA example: Norwegian
• 2003: Implementing a service oriented architecture (SOA)
• 2004: Bypassing travel agencies, by Internet sales
• 2005: Low-price calendar
• 2006: Dialogue with 90% of customers is electronic
• 2007: Bank
• 2008-2011: Mobile company
Norwegian is an international airlinebased in Norway
Starting in 2002 it developed a largenetwork of routes and carried 13 millpassengers in 2010
The success of Norwegian is associatedwith continuous innovation of IT‐basedservices
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
Some characteristics of Norwegian
• First, there is a strong entrepreneur culture. Innovation is done in small teams, flat organization, empowered employees and a strong determination to succeed.
• Second, there are no “IT projects”, only business projects. New ideas come along as business proposals. They are evaluated on the sole criterion of financial benefits.
Third, it is a relatively flat organization. Employees are empowered to a large degree, with clear business accountabilities. A middle manager commented: “As long as I reach the company objectives I am free to choose my actions.
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
Innovation in Norwegian
www. Airline www.Bank www.Mobile www.Next service
Norwegian Business Bus
AmadeusBank data Mobile data
Customers
Other data
Revenues Inventory
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
SOA in Norwegian
Norwegian Business API
Norwegian Business Bus
AmadeusBooking
AmadeusInventory
BackOfficeRocadeAmadeusFaring
Automat
CRM DataWarehouse
Local business
Local business
Local business
Local business
Local business
Local business
Local business
Local business
Local business
Local business
Local business
Amadeus DCS
Mobil Internet & Portals Call center, stationtravel agent
Narvesen/RetailE -mail management Other WEB channels /API
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
The ESB solution
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
Self‐reinforcing mechanisms
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
Bygstad, B. (2010). “Generative Mechanisms for Innovation in Information Infrastructures”. Information and Organization, 20 (3‐4):156‐168.
Successfactors SOA in Norwegian
• Comprehensive (not partial) approach, SOA is used in all core processes
• Boundary‐spanning competence; IT and business people cooperate through the wholeinnovation process
• Self‐reinforcing processes; innovation takesplace in a «space of possibilities» – and newservices increases this space
Bygstad and Grønli, 2011
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad
Exercise
• What are the key benefits of SOA• Which implementation technologies areavailable?
• Can SOA be implemented step‐wise?
INF 5890 Bendik Bygstad