Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity

Chapter 9

Chapter Overview

I. IntroductionII. Theories of PrejudiceIII. Global Patterns of

Intergroup RelationshipsIV. Race and Ethnic Relations

in the United StatesV. Looking Toward the FutureVI. Review

I. Introduction

A. Introductory “Quiz”

1. Race and ethnicity are one and the same.

False

2. There is no such thing as a “pure race.”

True

3. Tiger Woods is a great Native American golfer.

True

4. Studies show that highly prejudiced people are insecure, conformist,

submissive to superiors, and have deep respect for

authority. True

5. Prejudice is always dysfunctional.

False

6. Labels commonly lead to prejudice.

True

7. The Hottentots of South Africa are now extinct due

to genocide. True

8. Apartment managers can tell if a person is Black or White over the phone and are less likely to rent an apartment to a person who sounds like an African

American.True

9. Asian Americans are naturally better at math than people of European

descent.False

10. Custer’ last stand was all a terrible

misunderstanding.True

B.Background and Vocabulary1. Race Myths

a. “Superior Race”b. “Pure Race”

2. Ethnic Groups

3.Minority & Dominant Groups4.How People Construct Their

Racial-Ethnic Identity

A Sense of Ethnicity

Ethnic Work

5. Prejudice 6. Theories of Prejudice

a. Psychological• Frustration & Scapegoats• Authoritarian Personality

b. Sociological• Functionalism• Conflict• Symbolic Interactionism

7. Discrimination a. Personal Discriminationb. Institutional Discrimination

8. Racism

9. AND NOW ANOTHER QUIZ!!!!

1. Because sports are competitive and fans,

coaches, and players want to win, the color of the players has not been a

factor, only their performance.

False

Discrimination has been pervasive throughout the

history of sports in the United States. For example, African American athletes, regardless of their abilities, were excluded from white

teams for many years.

2. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, boxing

provided social mobility for some Irish, Jewish, and

Italian immigrants.True.

Irish Americans were the first to excel in boxing,

followed by Jewish Americans and then

Italian Americans. Boxing, like other sports, was a source of social mobility

for some immigrants.

3. African Americans who competed in boxing

matches in the late 1800s often had to agree to lose before they could

obtain a match.True.

Promoters, who often set up boxing matches that pitted fighters by race, assumed that White fans were more likely to buy tickets if the White fighters frequently

won.

4. Racially linked genetic traits explain many of the

differences among athletes.

False

Although some scholars and journalists have used biological

or genetic factors to explain the achievements of athletes,

sociologists view these explanations as being based on

the inherently racist assumption that people have

“natural” abilities (or disabilities) because of their

race or ethnicity.

5. All races have used sports to climb the social

ladder.False. Some racial and ethnic

groups—including Chinese Americans and Japanese

Americans—have not viewed sports as a means of social

mobility.

6. In professional football (the NFL), the positions of

quarterback and kicker have been held almost exclusively by White

players.True.

In the 1990s, Whites accounted for about 90% of the quarterbacks

and kickers on NFL teams. Different reasons have been given

for this overrepresentation; however, some sociologists

believe that a discriminatory practice known as stacking

(discussed in this chapter) has been responsible for the racial

distribution of players in football and baseball.

7. In recent years, players of color have moved into coaching, management,

and ownership positions in professional sports.

False.

Although more African American players are employed by these

teams (especially in basketball), their numbers

have not increased significantly in coaching and management positions. No

professional team is currently owned by an African American

(except Michael Jordan).

8. Professional sports is a $90 billion business,

and athletes’ salaries are a relatively minor

expense by comparison.True. In 1994, professional sports

was estimated to be a $90 billion business. Only $2 billion was paid

in salaries.

9. The odds are good that many outstanding high school and college athletes will make the pros if they do not get

injured.False.

The odds of becoming a professional athlete are

very low. The rate of high school football, basketball,

and baseball athletes playing pro ball is less than 2.0%. The rate of college athletes who make it to

the pros is less than 3.6%

10. Racism and sexism appear to be on the

decline in sports in the United States.

False

Even as people of color and White women have

made gains on collegiate and professional teams,

scholars have documented the

continuing significance of racial and gender

discrimination in sports.

II. Theories of Prejudice: You tell me.

A. Psychological1. Scapegoating2. Authoritarian Personality

B. Sociological1. Costs and Benefits2. Exploitation3. Self-fulfilling Prophecies

Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes

III. Global Patterns of Intergroup Relationships

A. GenocideB. Population TransferC. Internal ColonialismD. SegregationE. AssimilationF. Amalgamation (Fusion)G. Multiculturalism (Pluralism)

Patterns of Intergroup Relations: A Continuum

IV. Race and Ethnic Relations if the United

States

A.White Europeans1790: The First

Continental Congress

B. African Americans1.The Struggle for Civil Rights2.Middle v. Lower Classes

C. Latinos: Country of Origin

Subgroups Within the Hispanic Population of the United States, 1993

D. Asian Americans:1. Country of Origin 2. Stereotypes

E. Native Americans:1.Poverty2.Sovereignty3.Settling Treaty

Obligations

V. Looking Toward the Future

A. Projected Population Distribution of the United States by Race and Ethnicity, 2050

B. Race-Ethnic Relation Issues1.Immigration2.Affirmative action3.The development of a

multicultural society.

VIII. Review

1. What is the difference between between race and ethnicity?

2. What is a minority group?3. What is ethnic work?4. What is the difference between

prejudice and discrimination?

5. What is institutional discrimination?

• Name two psychological theories of prejudice.

• Name three sociological theories of prejudice.

• What is the relationship between frustration and scapegoating?

• What is the authoritarian personality and how is it related to prejudice?

• What is the costs and benefits theory of prejudice?

11.What is the exploitation theory of prejudice?

12.How does the self-fulfilling prophesy apply to prejudice?

13.Define and give the pros and cons to the following: genocide, population transfer, internal colonialism, segregation, assimilation, multiculturalism or pluralism.

14.What are the five major ethnic groups in America today?

15.What are the African American issues discussed in the book?

16.What are the major issues for American Latinos?

17.What are the major issues of Asian Americans?

18.What are the major issues of Native Americans?

19.What are three major immigration problems mentioned in the book?

20.What is affirmative action?