Industrial WorkersIndustrial Workers

Chapter 19, Section 4Chapter 19, Section 4

Pgs. 572-575Pgs. 572-575

SweatshopSweatshop

A crowded, A crowded, poorly lit urban poorly lit urban factory filled with factory filled with flammable flammable materialsmaterials

Trade UnionTrade UnionUnions formed to Unions formed to

represent workers represent workers in certain crafts or in certain crafts or trades.trades.

Noneffective Noneffective because the only because the only represented one represented one trade.trade.

There is power in There is power in numbers!numbers!

Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining

Negotiation Negotiation between the between the union union representatives representatives and management and management to determine to determine wages, hours, wages, hours, and working and working conditions.conditions.

StrikebreakerStrikebreaker

A A strikebreakerstrikebreaker is a person who works despite is a person who works despite an ongoing an ongoing strikestrike. .

InjunctionInjunction

Court order Court order to stop some to stop some action.action.

Dangers in the WorkplaceDangers in the Workplace

Steel workersSteel workers – burns from spills of hot – burns from spills of hot steelsteel

Coal minersCoal miners – death from cave-ins and – death from cave-ins and from the effects of gas and coal dustfrom the effects of gas and coal dust

Textile workersTextile workers – lungs damaged by – lungs damaged by airborne lintairborne lint

Garment WorkersGarment Workers

Garment workers toiled in sweatshops. Garment workers toiled in sweatshops. Sweatshops were crowded factories Sweatshops were crowded factories where workers ruined their eyesight in where workers ruined their eyesight in poor light. They were filled with flammable poor light. They were filled with flammable materials that made them firetraps.materials that made them firetraps.

Women in IndustryWomen in Industry

More than 1 million women worked in More than 1 million women worked in industry.industry.

Women’s salaries were generally half of Women’s salaries were generally half of what men earned for the same work.what men earned for the same work.

Child Labor LawsChild Labor Laws

Laws stated that children working in Laws stated that children working in factories had to be at least 12 years old factories had to be at least 12 years old and should not work more than 10 hours a and should not work more than 10 hours a day.day.

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

They recruited people kept out of other They recruited people kept out of other unions, including women, African unions, including women, African Americans, immigrants, and unskilled Americans, immigrants, and unskilled laborerslaborers

AFLAFL

American Federation of LaborAmerican Federation of LaborRepresented skilled workers in various Represented skilled workers in various

crafts.crafts.

Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining

Unions represent workers in bargaining Unions represent workers in bargaining with management.with management.

Triangle Shirtwaist CompanyTriangle Shirtwaist Company

The International Ladies’ Garment The International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union took action after the 1911 Workers Union took action after the 1911 fire.fire.

Unions responded to unfair practices by Unions responded to unfair practices by going on strike.going on strike.

http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/m_r/pinsky/triangle.htmm_r/pinsky/triangle.htm

1877 Railroad Strike1877 Railroad Strike

The railroad companies hired The railroad companies hired strikebreakers to replace the striking union strikebreakers to replace the striking union workers.workers.

Haymarket RiotHaymarket Riot

Strikers had gathered to protest the Strikers had gathered to protest the killings of four strikers the day before. killings of four strikers the day before. Someone threw a bomb, and a riot Someone threw a bomb, and a riot followed.followed.

Homestead Strike of 1892Homestead Strike of 1892

The steel plant mangers responded by The steel plant mangers responded by hiring nonunion workers and brought in hiring nonunion workers and brought in 300 armed guards to protect them.300 armed guards to protect them.

Pullman StrikePullman Strike

Pullman persuaded the United States Pullman persuaded the United States Attorney General to obtain an injunction Attorney General to obtain an injunction forcing the strikers back to work.forcing the strikers back to work.