Industrial Animals History. Unit Map Set Up (warm-up) Unit Name: Industrial Animals Unit Name:...

Industrial AnimalsIndustrial Animals

HistoryHistory

Unit Map Set Up (warm-up)Unit Map Set Up (warm-up)

Unit Name: Industrial Unit Name: Industrial AnimalsAnimals

Unit Essential Question: Unit Essential Question: What are industrial What are industrial animals and how do they animals and how do they help us?help us?

Unit Map Set UpUnit Map Set Up

Concepts: As we goConcepts: As we goLesson Essential Lesson Essential Questions: As we goQuestions: As we go

Vocab: As We goVocab: As We go

Lesson Essential QuestionLesson Essential Question

How was industrial How was industrial animal agriculture animal agriculture started?started?

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand the history of Understand the history of animal agricultureanimal agriculture

Understand the important Understand the important acts that are important to acts that are important to this classthis class

What is Industrial What is Industrial Agriculture?Agriculture?“ “ a modern form of a modern form of

intensive farming that intensive farming that refers to the industrialized refers to the industrialized production of livestock, production of livestock, cattle, poultry, and fish. cattle, poultry, and fish. Most of the meat, dairy Most of the meat, dairy and eggs are produced” and eggs are produced” this way.this way.

History of Animal History of Animal AgricultureAgriculture

Early people ate fruits, seeds, Early people ate fruits, seeds, and animals found in their and animals found in their environment. environment.

People moved with animalsPeople moved with animalsPeople then figured out how People then figured out how

to domesticate animalsto domesticate animals

People created ways to People created ways to grow animals more grow animals more efficientlyefficiently–Passed onPassed on

Recent study of animals in Recent study of animals in a systematic waya systematic way

1800s- Universities. People 1800s- Universities. People realize institutions of higher realize institutions of higher learning were needed. learning were needed.

““Nation emerging as an Nation emerging as an industrial- and agricultural- industrial- and agricultural- based economy.”based economy.”

To make progress- people To make progress- people needed to be taught how needed to be taught how to produce food and to produce food and manufacture goods more manufacture goods more efficientlyefficiently

History of Animal History of Animal AgricultureAgricultureLate 1850s- Land Grant Act Late 1850s- Land Grant Act

or Morrill Act. Provided or Morrill Act. Provided public land and funds for public land and funds for establishing universities to establishing universities to teach practical methods of teach practical methods of manufacturing and manufacturing and producing food and fiber. producing food and fiber. Passed in 1862Passed in 1862

History of Animal History of Animal AgricultureAgriculture1862- Lincoln signed bill to 1862- Lincoln signed bill to

establish the USDAestablish the USDA

Soon all states had land Soon all states had land grant universitiesgrant universities–Realized students did not Realized students did not know anything!know anything!

History of Animal History of Animal AgricultureAgriculture1872- Hatch Act- 1872- Hatch Act-

authorized establishment authorized establishment of experiment stations in of experiment stations in different parts of the different parts of the states that had land grant states that had land grant universities. universities. –Create new knowledge Create new knowledge

1914- Smith-Lever Act- set 1914- Smith-Lever Act- set up cooperative extension up cooperative extension service. Passes new service. Passes new information to the publicinformation to the public

1917- Smith-Hughes Act- 1917- Smith-Hughes Act- vocational agriculture as a vocational agriculture as a program in the public high program in the public high schools as a means of schools as a means of teaching new methods of teaching new methods of agricultureagriculture–THE REASON YOU ARE THE REASON YOU ARE SITTING HERE!!!!SITTING HERE!!!!

Smith-Hughes ActSmith-Hughes Act

Left side of the room is Left side of the room is against the Smith-Hughes against the Smith-Hughes ActAct

Write 5 sentences why you Write 5 sentences why you disagreedisagree

Smith-Hughes ActSmith-Hughes Act

Right side of the room is Right side of the room is for the Smith-Hughes Act.for the Smith-Hughes Act.

Give 5 sentences why you Give 5 sentences why you agree agree

Now Lets Decide!Now Lets Decide!

Pick your sidePick your sideLet’s debateLet’s debate

Exit QuestionExit Question

Tell me which side of the Tell me which side of the debate you chose and debate you chose and why. Write at least 5 why. Write at least 5 sentences.sentences.

Advancements Advancements

Warm-upWarm-up

What are some of the What are some of the advancements made in the advancements made in the animal agriculture field?animal agriculture field?

How are the How are the advancements made in advancements made in animal agriculture animal agriculture significant to us?significant to us?

Know and understand the Know and understand the advancements in animal advancements in animal agricultureagriculture

Understand where our food Understand where our food comes fromcomes from

Animal AgricultureAnimal Agriculture

Humans are omnivorous Humans are omnivorous animals- we eat both animals- we eat both plants and animalsplants and animals

Provides people with a Provides people with a reliable, abundant source reliable, abundant source of high quality foodof high quality food

Animal AgricultureAnimal Agriculture

Advancements through Advancements through scientific research resulted scientific research resulted in an abundance of food in an abundance of food and lower pricesand lower prices

Advancements since 1925Advancements since 1925

Beef cattle liveweight Beef cattle liveweight marketed per breeding marketed per breeding female increased from 220 female increased from 220 lbs to 482 lbslbs to 482 lbs

Consumption doubled from Consumption doubled from 60 lbs to 120 lbs60 lbs to 120 lbs

Sheep liveweight marketed Sheep liveweight marketed per breeding female from per breeding female from 60 lbs to 130 lbs60 lbs to 130 lbs

Sheep not only raised for Sheep not only raised for wool, now produced for wool, now produced for meatmeat

Milk marketed per dairy Milk marketed per dairy cow increased from 4,189 cow increased from 4,189 lbs to 10,500 lbslbs to 10,500 lbs

1950-1975- # of dairy 1950-1975- # of dairy cows reduced but milk cows reduced but milk production sameproduction same

Advancements since 1925Advancements since 1925 Swine liveweight marketed Swine liveweight marketed

per breeding female from per breeding female from 1,600 to 2,850 lbs1,600 to 2,850 lbs

Since 1950, amount of feed Since 1950, amount of feed reducedreduced

Time to produce from 170 Time to produce from 170 to 157 daysto 157 days

Advancements since 1925Advancements since 1925Poultry time for broiler Poultry time for broiler

chickens to market weight chickens to market weight cut in halfcut in half

Amount of feed from 4lbs Amount of feed from 4lbs to 1.75 lbsto 1.75 lbs

Weight of broilers at Weight of broilers at market from 2.8 lbs to 4 market from 2.8 lbs to 4 lbslbs

Advancements since 1925Advancements since 1925 Annual production per Annual production per

laying hem tripled from laying hem tripled from 112 to around 300 eggs112 to around 300 eggs

Feed required to produce a Feed required to produce a dozen eggs decreased dozen eggs decreased from 8 to 4 lbsfrom 8 to 4 lbs

Advancements since 1925Advancements since 1925 Turkeys weight marketed Turkeys weight marketed

turkeys from 13-18.4 lbsturkeys from 13-18.4 lbsLess feed (5.5 to 3.1 lbs) Less feed (5.5 to 3.1 lbs)

and half the time (34-19 and half the time (34-19 weeks)weeks)

VideoVideo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWOSe9ju7kU

Where food comes from Where food comes from videovideo

MovieMovie

Food, INCFood, INCEssay: What is your view on Essay: What is your view on

animal agriculture? Do you animal agriculture? Do you think what we are doing is think what we are doing is wrong or needed for our wrong or needed for our survival? Write at least a survival? Write at least a page!page!

What are some predictions What are some predictions that you feel may happen that you feel may happen with our food supply in the with our food supply in the future?future?

BeefBeef

Warm-upWarm-up

What is your favorite What is your favorite food? food?

Why is the beef industry Why is the beef industry so successful?so successful?

Understand why beef is Understand why beef is important important

Know and understand Know and understand the different breeds of the different breeds of beef cattle beef cattle

BeefBeef

The Beef IndustryThe Beef Industry

We are a nation of beef We are a nation of beef eaters!eaters!

Average person consumes Average person consumes 67.5 pounds of beef and veal 67.5 pounds of beef and veal each year! each year!

Exported beef equals $2.5 Exported beef equals $2.5 billionbillion

Land pastured for beef Land pastured for beef cattle is too steep, rocky cattle is too steep, rocky or wet to be cultivatedor wet to be cultivated

Convert forages into Convert forages into high quality proteinhigh quality protein

Lean beef is full of Lean beef is full of nutrientsnutrients

There are over 1 billion There are over 1 billion head of beef on over 1 head of beef on over 1 million farms and ranches million farms and ranches in the United States.in the United States.

Successfully wintered Successfully wintered outdoorsoutdoors

Raised throughout the USRaised throughout the USLow overhead costsLow overhead costsGenerate more $ than any Generate more $ than any

other agricultural enterpriseother agricultural enterprise

Ranks of ProductionRanks of Production–TexasTexas–MissouriMissouri–OklahomaOklahoma–Nebraska Nebraska –South DakotaSouth Dakota

Breeds of Beef CattleBreeds of Beef Cattle

Read through the packet Read through the packet and answer the and answer the questions on the breeds questions on the breeds of beef cattle. of beef cattle.

Breeds of Beef CattleBreeds of Beef CattleBlack AngusBlack Angus

Breeds of Beef CattleBreeds of Beef CattleShorthornShorthorn

Breeds of Beef CattleBreeds of Beef CattleHerefordHereford

Breeds of Beef CattleBreeds of Beef CattleTexas LonghornTexas Longhorn

Breeds of Beef CattleBreeds of Beef CattleSimmentalSimmental

Breeds of Beef CattleBreeds of Beef CattleMaine-AnjouMaine-Anjou

Breeds of Beef CattleBreeds of Beef CattleLimousinLimousin

VocabVocab

Forage- livestock feed that Forage- livestock feed that consists mainly of the consists mainly of the leaves and stalks of plantsleaves and stalks of plants

How many parts of the How many parts of the beef industry do you beef industry do you think there are?think there are?

Beef IndustryBeef Industry

SegmentsSegments

Warm-upWarm-up

What type of beef What type of beef cattle do you typically cattle do you typically see around here?see around here?

What are the What are the segments of the beef segments of the beef industry?industry?

Know and understand how Know and understand how the beef industry operates the beef industry operates based on segmentsbased on segments

4 segments4 segments

Purebred operationsPurebred operationsCow-calf operationsCow-calf operationsStocker operationsStocker operationsFeedlot operationsFeedlot operationsFill in organizer as we goFill in organizer as we go

Purebred OperationsPurebred Operations

Cattle used as dams and Cattle used as dams and sires of calves grown for sires of calves grown for marketmarket

Allows improvement and Allows improvement and accentuation on stockaccentuation on stock

Shows to select the bestShows to select the best

Cow-Calf OperationsCow-Calf Operations

Calves grown out and sent Calves grown out and sent to marketto market

Crossbred animalsCrossbred animalsCentered in Southern and Centered in Southern and

Western statesWestern states–Weather for winter Weather for winter calvingcalving

Cows fed roughage as Cows fed roughage as grass or haygrass or hay

Cows left on free range to Cows left on free range to have their calveshave their calves

Calves sold upon weaningCalves sold upon weaning–Good health, vaccinated, Good health, vaccinated, castratedcastrated

StockerStocker

Step between weaning of Step between weaning of calves and finishing calves and finishing (fattening) prior to slaughter(fattening) prior to slaughter

Weaned calves weighing Weaned calves weighing 300-500 pounds placed on 300-500 pounds placed on pasture and fed rations to pasture and fed rations to promote skeletal and promote skeletal and muscular growthmuscular growth

StockerStocker

Stocker purchases from Stocker purchases from cow-calf producer and cow-calf producer and sells to the feedlotsells to the feedlot

May also be operator of May also be operator of feedlotfeedlot–Fewer transportation Fewer transportation costscosts

FeedlotFeedlot

Final phase before Final phase before slaughterslaughter

Fed high concentrate Fed high concentrate ration to put on proper ration to put on proper amount of fatamount of fat

Midwest- produces more Midwest- produces more grainsgrains

FeedlotFeedlotRange in sizeRange in sizeWhen proper degree of When proper degree of finish, they are sent to finish, they are sent to the slaughterhousethe slaughterhouse

Generally 18-24 months Generally 18-24 months old and can weigh 800-old and can weigh 800-1,500 lbs1,500 lbs

FeedlotFeedlot

Segment StorySegment StoryGet out a sheet of paper. Get out a sheet of paper.

YOU are a calf. Write a YOU are a calf. Write a story about your journey story about your journey through the segments of through the segments of the beef industry. Be sure the beef industry. Be sure to include all steps and be to include all steps and be as as descriptivedescriptive as as possible. At least a page!possible. At least a page!

Book WorkBook Work

The Science Of Animal The Science Of Animal AgricultureAgriculture

Pg. 36-37 Pg. 36-37 True or FalseTrue or FalseFill in the BlanksFill in the BlanksDiscussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

VocabVocabDam-the mother of an Dam-the mother of an

animalanimalSire- the father of an Sire- the father of an

animalanimalRoughage- a feed low in Roughage- a feed low in

carbohydrates and high in carbohydrates and high in fiber contentfiber content

VocabVocabWeaned- a young animal Weaned- a young animal

no longer dependent on its no longer dependent on its mother’s milkmother’s milk

Finishing- fatteningFinishing- fatteningRation- the feed allowed Ration- the feed allowed

for an animal in a 24 hour for an animal in a 24 hour periodperiod

What type of meat is this?What type of meat is this?

NutritionNutrition

Warm-up Warm-up

Name the breed of beef Name the breed of beef cattle that originated in the cattle that originated in the highlands of northern highlands of northern Scotland, the first imported Scotland, the first imported to the US in 1873 and can to the US in 1873 and can be used for milk and meat.be used for milk and meat.

What type of feed is What type of feed is required for beef cattle?required for beef cattle?

Provide students with Provide students with knowledge of feeding knowledge of feeding industrial beef cattleindustrial beef cattle

Know needed nutrients for Know needed nutrients for cattlecattle

NutritionNutrition

Beef cows need most Beef cows need most nutritious diet during late nutritious diet during late gestation and lactatinggestation and lactating

Dry, gestating mature Dry, gestating mature cows require little energy cows require little energy and proteinand protein

NutritionNutrition2 types of forages2 types of forages

–Pasture or range grassesPasture or range grassesFed during the growing Fed during the growing seasonseason

–Stored foragesStored foragesHay or silage Hay or silage Fed to dry, pregnant cows in Fed to dry, pregnant cows in winterwinter

NutritionNutrition

Depending on body size, dry, Depending on body size, dry, pregnant cows consume 25 pregnant cows consume 25 to 30 lbs of hay per dayto 30 lbs of hay per day

Beef cattle are raised in Beef cattle are raised in areas that require 110+ areas that require 110+ acres per cow-calf pairacres per cow-calf pair

NutritionNutrition

Intensive Rotational Intensive Rotational grazinggrazing–Cattle allowed to access Cattle allowed to access grass for a day or two. grass for a day or two.

–1-1.5 acres can support 1-1.5 acres can support cow-calf pair for a yearcow-calf pair for a year

NutritionNutrition

Bulls can be fed stored Bulls can be fed stored forages when not breedingforages when not breeding

Require grain before, Require grain before, during and after the during and after the breeding seasonbreeding season

NutritionNutrition

Heifer calves fed a grain Heifer calves fed a grain ration during their first ration during their first winterwinter–Make sure they are heavy Make sure they are heavy enough for breeding at enough for breeding at 13-14 months13-14 months

NutritionNutrition

Bulls, cows, and heifers Bulls, cows, and heifers should have access to should have access to salt and mineralssalt and minerals

NutritionNutrition

Finishing cattle are fed a Finishing cattle are fed a high-grain, high-energy high-grain, high-energy diet containing little diet containing little forage. forage. –Rapid gains and higher Rapid gains and higher carcass qualitycarcass quality

Feedlot DietFeedlot Diet

Fed low grain amount at Fed low grain amount at firstfirst

Gradually increased until Gradually increased until 80-90% of diet is grain80-90% of diet is grain

Require supplemental Require supplemental proteinprotein

Monensin and Lasalocid Monensin and Lasalocid given to increase weight given to increase weight gain and feed efficiencygain and feed efficiency

Frame size affects how Frame size affects how finishing cattle should be finishing cattle should be fedfed

Small-framed cattle- low Small-framed cattle- low energy grower grain mixenergy grower grain mix

Average- high-energy Average- high-energy grain grain

Large- high-energy grain Large- high-energy grain mixesmixes

VocabVocab

Silage- a crop, such as Silage- a crop, such as corn, that has been corn, that has been preserved in its succulent preserved in its succulent condition by partal condition by partal fermentationfermentation

VocabVocabIntensive rotational grazing- Intensive rotational grazing- Cattle allowed to access Cattle allowed to access grass for a day or two.grass for a day or two.

Bull- a male bovine that has Bull- a male bovine that has not been castratednot been castrated

Heifer- a female bovine that Heifer- a female bovine that has not produced a calf has not produced a calf

ActivityActivity

Read the Articles to Read the Articles to complete a compare and complete a compare and contrast essay on grain fed contrast essay on grain fed vs. grass fed beef cattle. vs. grass fed beef cattle.

Minimum 1 page typed Minimum 1 page typed essay.essay.

Parasites and DiseasesParasites and Diseases

Warm-upWarm-up

Do you think cattle Do you think cattle should be allowed free should be allowed free range of feed or range of feed or continue the way it has continue the way it has been going?been going?

What are some parasites What are some parasites and diseases common in and diseases common in beef cattle?beef cattle?

Learn about common Learn about common diseases and parasitesdiseases and parasites

How to treat these How to treat these diseases and parasitesdiseases and parasites

ActivityActivityEach group will be given a Each group will be given a

name and information on a name and information on a certain disease or parasite. certain disease or parasite. This group will read the This group will read the information and will teach information and will teach the class what they have the class what they have learned. Include causes, learned. Include causes, symptoms and treatment.symptoms and treatment.

MangeMange

Mange mites infest hide of Mange mites infest hide of cattlecattle

Treat with dip in treatment Treat with dip in treatment solutionsolution

WormsWormsStomach wormsStomach worms

–Oral wormers are effectiveOral wormers are effectiveWorm eggs at bottom of Worm eggs at bottom of

grass plantsgrass plants–Overgrazing increases Overgrazing increases chancechance

–Pasture rotation helps treatPasture rotation helps treat

TuberculosisTuberculosis

Wasting diseaseWasting diseaseSymptoms similar to Symptoms similar to

Johne’s Johne’s No signs No signs Infected through Infected through

contaminated watercontaminated water

TuberculosisTuberculosis

Herds periodically testedHerds periodically testedPositive animals removedPositive animals removed

Housing and marketingHousing and marketing

Warm-up Warm-up

Create what you think beef Create what you think beef cattle require for housing.cattle require for housing.

How is beef marketed?How is beef marketed?

HousingHousingSimpleSimpleShelter or windbreak in the Shelter or windbreak in the

most bitter weathermost bitter weatherThick trees or brushThick trees or brushWell drainedWell drainedShelter for newborn calves if Shelter for newborn calves if

born during winterborn during winter

MarketingMarketing

Read through the packet Read through the packet and answer questions at and answer questions at the end. We will go over the end. We will go over this when everyone is this when everyone is finished. Hand this in for finished. Hand this in for a grade!a grade!

MarketingMarketing

Using the information you Using the information you have learned, create a have learned, create a brochure on beef. Include: brochure on beef. Include: popular breeds, average popular breeds, average price, nutrition benefits, and price, nutrition benefits, and marketing methods used. marketing methods used. Color and include pictures!Color and include pictures!

Cuts of meatCuts of meat

Warm-upWarm-up

Where does steak come Where does steak come from?from?

What are the different cuts What are the different cuts of meat and what part of of meat and what part of the cattle are they from?the cattle are they from?

Cuts of MeatCuts of Meat

Using organizer of cattle, Using organizer of cattle, fill in blanks as we go fill in blanks as we go along.along.

Cuts of MeatCuts of MeatChuckChuck

–Pot roast, short ribs, top Pot roast, short ribs, top blade steak, mock tender, blade steak, mock tender, groundground

Chuck roast Short ribs

Cuts of MeatCuts of MeatRibRib

–Rib eye roast and steak, Rib eye roast and steak, back ribsback ribs

Rib eye steak

Rib eye roast

Back ribs

Cuts of MeatCuts of MeatShort LoinShort Loin

–T-bone, porterhouse, T-bone, porterhouse, tenderloin steakstenderloin steaks

T-bonePorterhouse

SirloinSirloin–Sirloin steaks, tri tip roast Sirloin steaks, tri tip roast and steakand steak

Sirloin steak

Tri tip roast Tri tip steak

Cuts of MeatCuts of MeatRoundRound

–Tip steak, rump roast, round Tip steak, rump roast, round steak, roaststeak, roast

Round tip steak

Eye round steakBottom round rump roast

Cuts of MeatCuts of MeatFlankFlank

–Flank steak, skirt steak, Flank steak, skirt steak, steak rolls (steak rolls (

Flank steak

Skirt steak

Steak rolls

Cuts of MeatCuts of MeatPlatePlate

–GroundGround

Cuts of MeatCuts of MeatBreast and foreshankBreast and foreshank

–Corned beef, crosscut Corned beef, crosscut shank, brisket, groundshank, brisket, ground

Corned beef

Beef brisket

Shank cross cut

Look through the menus Look through the menus and try to figure out why and try to figure out why the different types of beef the different types of beef are different prices. are different prices.

Cuts of MeatCuts of MeatNow that you have chosen Now that you have chosen

why, read through the why, read through the packet on Beef Cuts packet on Beef Cuts Explained. Each group will Explained. Each group will be assigned a cut of beef. be assigned a cut of beef. Research this more and Research this more and present the information to present the information to the class. Include the quality the class. Include the quality and location. Use books and and location. Use books and computers. computers.

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