Created by-

Aakash Solanki

Love My India

An Overview

Ancient India

Basic chronology

c. 3000 BCE: farming settlements appear along

the valley of the river Indus

in what is now Pakistan

c. 2500 BCE: high point of the Indus Valley

civilization

c. 2000 BCE: some Indus sites showing signs of

decline

c. 1500 BCE: the Aryan invasions

Indus Valley civilization

Right: artist’s recreation of Mohenjo-Daro

Below: Great Bath ruins

Mohenjo-Daro

Everyday life

Aryan invaders

Below: an illustration of

a scene from the Rig-

Veda

Alien gods and values

Below: Brahma, Vishnu, and

Shiva

Right: the monkey god

Ancient India

GLORIOUS HISTORY OF INDIA

BY CHAUHAN JAYDIPSINH R.

At Cawnpore the British made anyone suspected of being a rebel lick the ground where the British had been butchered

Other rebels were tied to the mouths of cannons and blown to pieces

1000’s died from both sides, and the relationships between the British and the Indians would never be the same again…..

The ‘British Raj’, 1858-1947 In 1858 in response to the

rebellion, the British Government abolished the East India Company and declared that India would be ruled directly by the British Government

The army brought more British officers to India to prevent anymore rebellions

This British ‘raj’, meaning ‘rule’, would continue until a man called Gandhi led India to independence….you’ll find out about him in the Year 8 ‘Human Rights, Human Wrongs’ topic…..

5,000 year old civilization

325 languages spoken – 1,652 dialects

18 official languages

29 states, 5 union territories

3.28 million sq. kilometers - Area

7,516 kilometers - Coastline

1,000,000,000 people in 2000

The Great Indian Epics

Ramayana MahabharataLongest Epic in world

literature with 100,000

two-line stanzas

The first Indian epic

15th August , 1947

Indian Independence

26th January , 1950

Republic- India

National Emblem

“Truth alone triumphs”

The Taj Mahal

Jai Hind

-

Agriculture

Chapter 10

By Eugene Stanton

The

Economic

s of

Farming

The reason why farming varies around the world relates to distribution across space of cultural and environmental factors.

Elements of the physical environment, such as climate, soil, and topography, set broad limits on agricultural practices, and farmers make choices to modify the environment in a variety of ways.

Broad climate patterns influence the crops planted in a region, and local soil conditions influence the crops planted on an individual farm.

Farmers choose from a variety of agricultural practices, based on their perception of the value of each alternative.

These values are partly economic and partly cultural.

How farmers deal with their physical environment varies according to dietary preferences, availability of technology, and other cultural traditions.

At a global scale, farmers increasingly pursue the most profitable agriculture.

Vegetative Planting Hearths

Fig. 10-1: There were several main hearths, or centers of origin, for vegetative crops

(roots and tubers, etc.), from which the crops diffused to other areas.

World Climate Regions

Fig. 10-5b: Simplified map of the main world climate regions (see also Fig. 2.2).

World Corn (Maize) Production

Fig. 10-7: The U.S. and China are the leading producers of corn (maize) in the world.

Much of the corn in both countries is used for animal feed.

Meat Production on Ranches

Fig. 10-12: Cattle, sheep, and goats are the main meat animals raised on ranches.

Key Issue 4: Economic Issues of

Agriculture

Economic issues of commercial farmers

Access to markets

Overproduction

Sustainable agriculture

Economic issues of subsistence farmers

Population growth

International trade

Increasing food supply

Grain Importers and Exporters

Fig. 10-15: Most countries are net importers of grain. The U.S. is the largest net exporter.

The Sahel

Fig. 10-16: The Sahel, which is south of the Sahara, frequently faces drought and

food shortages, as does the Horn of Africa.

2008 Fulbright Summer Seminar to India & Sri Lanka

Indian Culture and Music

India-South Asian

Adventure!

“Unity through diversity” is the theme of the approximately one billionpeople that live in a country that is so big, it’s called a subcontinent!

India’s Government

India is the

world’s

largest

democracy

India’s People Eat Many Foods

Rice

Vegetables

Seafood

Meat-however, cows are considered sacred by Hindus, many of whom are vegetarian

Masala-spices

Tea-common drink

India’s

History

Indian civilization is ancient

The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the first civilizations on earth

The Vedic period was a time in Indian history when the Hindu religion and caste system began in India

Mughal Empire was the last and the strongest Islamic empire in India

Agra & the Taj Mahal

Agra is a large city in northern India

It is the home of India’s greatest historical monument, the Taj Mahal

Traditional Elements

of Indian Music

Melody (raga)

Drone

(harmony)

Rhythm (tala)

India’s People and the Musical Instruments

of India Are Very Diverse!

India, the

land of

“Unity

through

diversity!”

“Indian food is the reflection of the heritage of its people. It represents its historical

development, religious beliefs, cultural practices, and above all, its geographical

attributes”

Indian Cuisine

North most Part of India (Highland climate), valley of Kashmir with magnificent Persian gardens and terraced lakes, brisk, cool fresh air is lured with fragrance of pine and saffron flowers. Walnuts and fruit orchards, morels and black cumin seeds grow wild, cool climate for sheep, thus lamb forms the basis of many Kashmiri dishes.

Long grain rice known as Basmati grow in the foothills of the mountain

Cooking styleNorth India has the most popular and refined style of cooking. Originated from Moghuls in sixteenth century. There are Turk-Mongols by origin and Moslem by religion. They admire most culture is Persian since they are influence by it on their way to India.

Moghul food: lovers of nature and food life, keen sense of beauty, and a passion for elegance. Good for meat preparations and rice pilafs, delicate flavorings and superb silk sauces (often mistaken for Persian dish).

Yogurt, cream, fruit and nut betters are incorporated into the food to mellow and velvetize the sauces

Mild but fragrant spices: cinnamon, cardamom, mace, nutmeg and clove; saffron (especially in rice pilafs)

Tandoori oven

Spices“warm” spices: generate internal body heat (recommended for cold

weather). Examples: bay leaf, black cardamom, cinnamon, ginger powder, mace, nutmeg, red pepper (used often in cool climate of Kashmir). Tea is flavored by cinnamon and cardamom in cool climate.

“cool” spices: take heat away from one’s system. All other spices range from very cool to moderate warm and suitable at all times in all climates

In Plain region, ‘cool’ spices added to beverages “cool punch’ milk, almond milk, sunflower and cantaloupe seeds, fennel, cloves, and green cardamom

Spices induce perspiration: hot weather Indians drink hot spice-laced tea; some spices have several properties:

Saffron: orange-yellow color and a hypnotizing aroma to a dish

Coriander: thicken a sauce and imparts a nutty fragrance

Onions: thicken and perfume Moghul grains

Tomatoes: tenderizing and souring agents

Spices all have to be cooked before use, mixed well-balance, no once dominates.

Classic Indian Cooking by Julie Sahni, William Morrow and Company, Inc, New

York, 1980,541pp.Nutmeg yes Dark brown shell enclosed within the mace membrane; uses in Moghul and Kashmiri cooking, vegetable

preparations and relishes

Onion

seed

yes Nigella, nothing in common with onion plant; uses in pickling, vegetable dishes; sprinkling on top of

tandoor-baked bread

Paprika red From mild variety of chili pod of the plant Capsicum grown in the valleys of Kashmir; uses in Kashmiri

cooking for read coloring like kabobs, kaftas and other meat

Pomegran

ate

Sweeti

sh-

sour

Fruit of the tropical tree native to Asia Minor and Mediterranean regions; uses in vegetables and lentils in

north Indian cooking; and in pastries

Poppy

seed

yes White poppy seed plant native to Asia Minor (no opium); uses in meat, dish, and shellfish as thickener

Red

pepper

hot Red chili; sun dried chili pod of the plant Capsicum; uses for hot and enhance other flavorings

Saffron Yes orangi

sh-

yellow

Dried stigmas of flowers of the saffron plant native to Asia Minor and southern Europe; Most expensive

spice in the world ($2,000 per pound; takes a quarter of a million dried stigma from 75,000 flowers to

make a pound); uses in meat and poultry, rice, desserts, and pilafs

Salt Yes alkalin

e

Many varieties of salt; cold appetizers; relishes and cold drinks in north

Tamarind Tangy

-sour

Pulpy pod of the tropical plant Tamarindus Indica, native to India; in North uses in relishes, vegetable,

lentil and beans; in south and southwestern regions as souring agent

Turmeric yes Golde

n

yellow

A perennial tropical herb native to India; Roots are the main ingredient in curry powder; uses in

vegetables, meat, poultry, seafood; never used in dishes containing cream; most important and sacred

spice of Hindus and used in religious and social rituals (bride neck thread is dipped in turmeric paste; not

as popular in north and northwestern region (Saffron and other coloring flowering replace it);

White yes It is a legume, but uses as spice in southern and southwestern regions; uses in vegetables and legume;

Group 12:

Lt Col D G Naik

Grenville Savio Noronha

Gnanasundaram C

Kaushik K

HS 700: Applied Economics

Course Project Presentation

Leading Indicators

of the Indian Economy

Introduction

The increasing importance of the Indian Economy

has led to a need to Forecast the Performance of

the of the Indian Economy

Monitoring of the Indian Economic Cycle has

become an increasingly attractive option for this

Dua et. al. initially propounded an index based on

concurrent indicators but using an index based on

leading indicators is seen to be more appropriate.

Gross Domestic Product

GDP = consumption + investment +

government

spending + (exports − imports)

Consumption, Investment: Final Expenditure on

Goods and Services

Export-Import: Balance of Trade

Consumption: Private and Public

Significance of GDP

GDP: Indian Scenario

GDP: Indian Scenario

Human Development Index

R&D expenditure even in India’s fast-growing IT sector has been averaging around 3% of sales turnover (STO), which is much lower as compared to the 14-19% expended by internationally reputed software firms.

These low figures reflect on our R&D performance. India’s share of global scientific output in 1998 was only 1.58 per cent of the world’s total.

Out of 500,000 new patent applications filed globally each year, China accounts for 96,000 and Korea accounts for 72,000, while India accounts for only 8,000.

Human Development Index

Top sectors attracting FDI from USA are

Fuels (Power & Oil Ref.) (35.93%)

Telecommunications (radio paging, cellular

mobile & basic telephone services) (10.56%)

Electrical Equipment (including Computer

Software & Electronics) (9.50%)

Food Processing Industries (Food products &

marine products) (9.43%)

Service Sector (Fin. & Non-Fin. Services)

(8.28%).

References

1. Pami Dua and Anirvan Banerji, “A leading index for the Indian economy,” Working paper no. 90, Centre for Development Economics, March, 2001.

2. J –D Lindlbauer, “Business Cycle Indicators From Qualitative Data,” In Searh of Economic Indicators Essays on Business Surveys (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Werner H. Stringel, Ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1977.

3. Raj Kapila and Uma Kapila, Understanding India’s Economy Reforms: The Past, The Present and The Future, New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 1996.

4. Uma Kapila, Indian Economy since Independence, New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 1998

5. [Online], Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India

6. [Online], Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product

7. [Online], Available: http://ibef.org/home.aspx8. [Online], Available: http://www.investopedia.com9. [Online], Available: http://www.rbi.org.in10. [Online], Available: http://www.ibef.org11. [Online], Available: http://rbi.org.in/12. [Online], Available: http://www.economywatch.com/

For example-:

Basketball,volleyball, cricket,

badminton, table tennis, football,

lawn tennis etc.

About Basketball There are seven players

in basketball.

In playing basketball we can stretch our body,to become taller.

In basketball first we have to dribble the ball and then throw it into the basket.

We have to take the ball from the other team.

Basketball is a very interesting game.

About Football There are eleven players

in football.

In football we have to kick the ball with the help of our foot.

In this game we can’t touch the ball with our hands,only the goalkeeper can touch it with his hands.if any of the player touch the ball with her hand,it would be a foul.

About running . In this the players

have to run very fast to complete the race.

In this there are no teams all the players are single.

All the players came from different States.

It is very interesting

About Cricket

In this game there are two teams in every team there are eleven players.

Both the teams are from other countries.

The winner team is selected for the next level.