Including QuotationsIncluding QuotationsIn Your EssayIn Your Essay

Including QuotationsIncluding QuotationsIn Your EssayIn Your Essay

• What is a quote?• Why use a quote?• Types of writing to use quotes• Always ICE it• Introducing quotes• Citing quotes• Explaining quotes

• What is a quote?• Why use a quote?• Types of writing to use quotes• Always ICE it• Introducing quotes• Citing quotes• Explaining quotes

• It is important to include quotations in these forms of writings:– Informational Essays and Compositions–Argument Essays and Compositions–Persuasive Essays and Compositions– Literary Response and Analysis Essays–Research Papers

• It is important to include quotations in these forms of writings:– Informational Essays and Compositions–Argument Essays and Compositions–Persuasive Essays and Compositions– Literary Response and Analysis Essays–Research Papers

• Properly including quotations in your writing helps support your ideas and improve the quality of your writing.– You gain credibility as a trusted source– You provide sufficient and relevant evidence to

support and explain your ideas and claims– You protect yourself from plagiarism accusations– You demonstrate the ability to include outside

sources

• Properly including quotations in your writing helps support your ideas and improve the quality of your writing.– You gain credibility as a trusted source– You provide sufficient and relevant evidence to

support and explain your ideas and claims– You protect yourself from plagiarism accusations– You demonstrate the ability to include outside

sources

Include quotes when…

Include quotes when…

• You are providing examples and evidence

• You are providing examples and evidence

Do not include quotes when…Do not include quotes when…

• You are writing your thesis statement

• You are writing your topic sentences

• You are writing your thesis statement

• You are writing your topic sentences

• To demonstrate how to introduce a quote, we will use an excerpt from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech. •Delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.•August 28, 1963• Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C.

• To demonstrate how to introduce a quote, we will use an excerpt from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech. •Delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.•August 28, 1963• Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C.

I have a dream that one day my

four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged

by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream that one day my

four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged

by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

1. Introduce your quote with a complete sentence•If you introduce your quote with a complete sentence that describes the quotation or provides information about it, you must punctuate it with a colon before inserting the quote.

1. Introduce your quote with a complete sentence•If you introduce your quote with a complete sentence that describes the quotation or provides information about it, you must punctuate it with a colon before inserting the quote.

• EXAMPLEIn his I Have a Dream speech, Dr. Martin Luther

King Jr. had a dream: “I have a dream that one day my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”

• EXAMPLEIn his I Have a Dream speech, Dr. Martin Luther

King Jr. had a dream: “I have a dream that one day my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”

2. Introduce your quote with an explanatory phrase•Begin your sentence with a phrase that introduces the quote, and then punctuate with a comma before including the quote.

2. Introduce your quote with an explanatory phrase•Begin your sentence with a phrase that introduces the quote, and then punctuate with a comma before including the quote.

• EXAMPLE• In his famous I Have a Dream speech, Dr.

Martin Luther King Jr. said, “I have a dream that one day my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”

• EXAMPLE• In his famous I Have a Dream speech, Dr.

Martin Luther King Jr. said, “I have a dream that one day my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”

3. Include only short quotes in your sentence •When including short quotations in your own writing, you should stick to just two to four word phrases.•Place quotation marks around the author’s original words and punctuate the sentence as you normally would.

3. Include only short quotes in your sentence •When including short quotations in your own writing, you should stick to just two to four word phrases.•Place quotation marks around the author’s original words and punctuate the sentence as you normally would.

• EXAMPLE• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. dreamed of a day

when his children would only be judged by the “content of their character.”

• EXAMPLE• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. dreamed of a day

when his children would only be judged by the “content of their character.”

4. Introduce your quote by paraphrasing it •Begin your sentence by paraphrasing the quote, and then finish the sentence with the quote.

4. Introduce your quote by paraphrasing it •Begin your sentence by paraphrasing the quote, and then finish the sentence with the quote.

• EXAMPLE• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. dreamed of a day

when his four children would “not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”

• EXAMPLE• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. dreamed of a day

when his four children would “not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”

More Examples for Introducing QuotesAccording to (include source here), “put quote here”

(in-text citation).According to (include source here), (put paraphrased,

researched information here) (in-text citation).For example, the traffic light “put quote here” (in-text

citation).For instance, (put paraphrased, researched information

here) (in-text citation).

More Examples for Introducing QuotesAccording to (include source here), “put quote here”

(in-text citation).According to (include source here), (put paraphrased,

researched information here) (in-text citation).For example, the traffic light “put quote here” (in-text

citation).For instance, (put paraphrased, researched information

here) (in-text citation).

• MLA format is more common in high school settings.

• Most liberal arts and humanities classes follow MLA format.

• MLA format is more common in high school settings.

• Most liberal arts and humanities classes follow MLA format.

• APA format is more common in undergraduate and post baccalaureate classes.

• APA format is usually used in the science fields.

• APA format is more common in undergraduate and post baccalaureate classes.

• APA format is usually used in the science fields.

• An in-text citation is a reference to the original author or speaker embedded in the text of the paper. In-text citations quickly alert the audience to the original source and make it easy for the audience to fine the citation in the Works Cited Page.

• An in-text citation is a reference to the original author or speaker embedded in the text of the paper. In-text citations quickly alert the audience to the original source and make it easy for the audience to fine the citation in the Works Cited Page.

• A Works Cited Page is a separate page or set of pages at the end of a document containing an alphabetical listing of all of the sources used within the paper.

• Each citation included in the page is formatted according to MLA or APA standards.

• A Works Cited Page is a separate page or set of pages at the end of a document containing an alphabetical listing of all of the sources used within the paper.

• Each citation included in the page is formatted according to MLA or APA standards.

Follow this simple equation to cite your quote in MLA format.

Introduce your quote “quote” (citation).

Follow this simple equation to cite your quote in MLA format.

Introduce your quote “quote” (citation).

Always introduce your quote. Never start a sentence with a quote.

Open and close the quote with quotation marks.

Set the citation apart with parenthesis.

The period goes after the citation

Introduce your quote “quote” (citation).Introduce your quote “quote” (citation).

This citation will be the first entry from the Works Cited Page.

If you include the Author’s last name in the quote introduction, you only need to include the page number. If not, you include the author’s last name and the page number.

Entire Web siteAuthor’s or Editor’s last name, first name [if given]. Title of Web site. Name of sponsoring institution or organization [if given]. Last update or original publication date. Web. Date accessed.

Entire Web siteAuthor’s or Editor’s last name, first name [if given]. Title of Web site. Name of sponsoring institution or organization [if given]. Last update or original publication date. Web. Date accessed.

Article from a Web site

Author’s or Editor’s last name, first name [if given]. “Title of Article.” Title of Web site. Date of last update or original publication date. Web. Date accessed.

Article from a Web site

Author’s or Editor’s last name, first name [if given]. “Title of Article.” Title of Web site. Date of last update or original publication date. Web. Date accessed.

Online Database Article

Author’s or Editor’s last name, first name [if given]. “Article Title.” Database Title. Copyright date [edition]. Online Publisher or sponsoring institution. Web. Date accessed.

Online Database Article

Author’s or Editor’s last name, first name [if given]. “Article Title.” Database Title. Copyright date [edition]. Online Publisher or sponsoring institution. Web. Date accessed.

Encyclopedia

Author’s last name, first name. [if available] “Article Title.” Title of Encyclopedia. Year Published. Print.

Encyclopedia

Author’s last name, first name. [if available] “Article Title.” Title of Encyclopedia. Year Published. Print.

Book with an Editor

Editor’s last name, first name, ed. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, Date published. Print.

Book with an Editor

Editor’s last name, first name, ed. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, Date published. Print.

Book with one Author

Last name, first name. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, Date published. Print.

Book with one Author

Last name, first name. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, Date published. Print.

• An in-text citation is a citation in the text of your writing to let your readers immediately know where you got your source

*Your parenthetical citation will be the first part of the entry from the Works Cited page

*The period goes outside of the parenthesis.

• An in-text citation is a citation in the text of your writing to let your readers immediately know where you got your source

*Your parenthetical citation will be the first part of the entry from the Works Cited page

*The period goes outside of the parenthesis.

Columbia University Professor Jeffrey Johnson spent seventeen years

recording the viewing habits of children in 707 families in Upstate New

York and found that the ones “who watched one to three hours of television

each day . . . were 60% more likely to be involved in assaults and fights as

those who watched less TV” (“Research on the Effects of Media Violence”).

Works Cited

“Research on the Effects of Media Violence.” Media Awareness Network.

2005. Web. 12 Mar. 2005

In-text (parenthetical) Citation

Works Cited Entry

The ideal context for identity

formation is “a supportive and

respectful family” (Levine 169).

Works Cited

Levine, Madeleine, Ph.D. See No Evil: A Guide to Protecting Our Children

from Media Violence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998. Print.

In-text Citation

Works Cited Entry

• After your introduce and cite the quote, you still need to explain the quote.

• There are many ways to explain quotes:• Provide analysis that connects the quote

to your main idea and topic sentence• Explain why it is important and relevant•Make sure the quote supports your topic

sentence/main ide/thesis

• After your introduce and cite the quote, you still need to explain the quote.

• There are many ways to explain quotes:• Provide analysis that connects the quote

to your main idea and topic sentence• Explain why it is important and relevant•Make sure the quote supports your topic

sentence/main ide/thesis

Here are some sentence starters to help you explain your quote.

• This proves that…• This illustrates…• This shows that…• This highlights the difference between…

Here are some sentence starters to help you explain your quote.

• This proves that…• This illustrates…• This shows that…• This highlights the difference between…

• Your introduction and the quote must be grammatically consistent.

CORRECT EXAMPLEIn his speech, Dr. King said, “it would be fatal for

the nation to overlook the urgency of this moment.”

The introduction and the quote are grammatically consistent in this sentence.

• Your introduction and the quote must be grammatically consistent.

CORRECT EXAMPLEIn his speech, Dr. King said, “it would be fatal for

the nation to overlook the urgency of this moment.”

The introduction and the quote are grammatically consistent in this sentence.

• You can change a word in a quote to make it grammatically consistent with your introduction if you place [ ] around the new word.

• A quote must be less than four lines long. Otherwise you will need a block quote.

• The quote must support your thesis or topic sentence. Otherwise it isn’t relevant.

• You can change a word in a quote to make it grammatically consistent with your introduction if you place [ ] around the new word.

• A quote must be less than four lines long. Otherwise you will need a block quote.

• The quote must support your thesis or topic sentence. Otherwise it isn’t relevant.

(Topic Sentence) The invention of the traffic light by Garrett Morgan made automotive transportation safer.

Before the traffic light’s invention, “it was not uncommon for bicycles, animal-powered carts and motor vehicles to share the same thoroughfares with pedestrians. Accidents frequently occurred between the vehicles” (Federal Highway Administration). After the invention and implementation of the traffic light, the number of collisions was reduced and thus created a safer environment for automobile travel.

(Topic Sentence) The invention of the traffic light by Garrett Morgan made automotive transportation safer.

Before the traffic light’s invention, “it was not uncommon for bicycles, animal-powered carts and motor vehicles to share the same thoroughfares with pedestrians. Accidents frequently occurred between the vehicles” (Federal Highway Administration). After the invention and implementation of the traffic light, the number of collisions was reduced and thus created a safer environment for automobile travel.

introduction quote and citation

explanation