Post on 06-Oct-2020
Improving Performance Critical Question 3.notebook
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Syllabus Critical Question 3
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Heading: Critical Question 3: What Ethical issues are related to improving
performanceHeading: Use of Drugs
ꞏ Doping is the practice of using artificial substances or methods to enhance athletic performance.
ꞏ Reasons for deeming drug use as unethical:> Threat to health of performance‐enhancing drugs> Unfair advantage> Equality of opportunity of the athletes> Exemplary effect of clean sports in the public> Illegal use in the general community
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Sub: Why Performance Enhancing Drugs are usedDrugs can be used for:ꞏ Enhancing performanceꞏ Relax, cope with stressꞏ Boost confidenceꞏ Build muscle mass and strength of muscles/bonesꞏ Increase delivery of oxygen to exercising tissuesꞏ Dulling painꞏ Reduce weightꞏ Hide the use of other drugs
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Questions
1. Argue reasons why drug use SHOULD be allowed?
2. Argue reasons why drugs use SHOULD NOT be allowed?
3. At what level should of competition should drug testing be introduced?
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Sub: Reasons for Drug use
Athletes choose to use drugs for a variety of reasons:ꞏ Physical dependenceꞏ Easily accessibleꞏ Pressure to win from coach, parents, mediaꞏ Financial reward, sponsorship deals, incomeꞏ Fear of failureꞏ Unrealistic qualifying standards or performance expectations
ben_johnson__the_race_that_shocked_the_world__on_nuffinlong_tv.webloc
http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/3790603.htm
http://www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/201971/ben_johnson__the_race_that_shocked_the_world__on_nuffinlong_tv/http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/3790603.htm
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Sub: Dangers of Performance Enhancing Drugs The risks involved in the use of performanceenhancing drugs far outweigh any perceived benefits to the athlete.
The physical effects of performanceenhancing drugs include:ꞏ cancer ꞏ liver and kidney tumoursꞏ viral infectionsꞏ heart problems ꞏ high cholesterol ꞏ sexual dysfunction ꞏ high blood pressure
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Cont... Performanceenhancing drugs (particularly anabolic steroids ) are linked with many psychological and emotional health problems that can include:ꞏ depression ꞏ anxiety ꞏ aggression ꞏ rage ꞏ violence.
Socially, athletes who test positive lose their reputations and destroy both sponsorship and financial opportunities (income), and ultimately even their careers.
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Article: Lance Armstrong loses $200
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Heading: Drug use for Strengthꞏ The two most common strength drugs are Anabolic
Steroids and Human Growth Hormone (HGH)ꞏ Usually associated with sports requiring strength and
power such as weightlifting, bodybuilding and sprinting.ꞏ HGH used to build lean muscle mass, decrease body fat
and accelerate recovery. ꞏ Steroids used to increase weight, strength, power and
increase testosterone levels
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Sub: Side effectsSide effects and harms include:ꞏ HGH
> Overgrowth of face, hands and feet (Gigantism)
> Diabetes> Heart disease> Osteoporosis and arthritis> Impotence
ꞏ Steroids
"Paste in image"
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Sub: Peptide Hormones Until recently, peptide hormones were undetectable, and had not been included in the World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) list of banned substances.
Peptides work by stimulating protein synthesis within the body, promoting muscle growth and recovery.
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Heading: Drug use of Aerobic PerformanceThe two most common methods to improve Aerobic performance are Erythropoietin (EPO) and Blood Doping.
Erythropoietin (EPO ) is a protein hormone produced in the kidneys, which is responsible for the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) within the bone marrow, where it is released into the bloodstreamꞏ Leads to an increased absorption of oxygenꞏ Leads to improved aerobic capacity and intensityꞏ Used by competitors in triathlons, marathons and distance
cycling
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Cont..
The sideeffects of EPO include:• severe headaches• nausea• high fevers• fits• anxiety• heart attacks and strokes due to the fact that the blood becomes too thick to be pumped by the heart around the body.
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Cont.. The original form of blood dopinginvolved athletes removing some of their ownblood, before injecting it back into the bloodstream justbefore competition.
Known as a ‘blood transfusion’,the increased amount of red blood cells and theoxygencarrying capacity to the working muscleshelps to increase aerobic performance.
Due to the increased risk of disease andinfection associated with blood transfusions,and the lengthy process of their administration,EPO has become the blood doping drug of choice
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Heading: Drug use to make other Drugs Diuretics and alcohol are both examples of drugs that can be used to mask other drugs. These types of drugs work by diluting urine or increasing excretion of the drug.
ꞏ Diuretics> Rapid weight loss> Stimulates urination> Can clear evidence of other drug use in the body> Can cause dehydration, dizziness, headache, loss of
coordination and even heart and kidney failure> Used in racing, boxing and weightlifting
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Cont...ꞏ Alcohol
> is prohibited during competition only. > It slows down bodily functions and is contained in
many cough syrups .> Some athletes have been known to take cough elixirs to
mask drug abuse.> Causes poor concentration, altered coordination,
dehydration, aggression.
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Heading: Benefits and Limitations of Drug Testing The government agency responsible for sample collection is the Australian Sports AntiDoping Authority (ASADA). The standard and procedures of sample collection must comply with the standards and regulations set down by the World AntiDoping Code (WADA).
Testing may be conducted both in competition or outside of it, and may be performed at the competition venue, training venue or at home with no prior notice required.
Testing can involve the collection of blood, urine or both.
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Sub: Benefits of Drug testing
ꞏ Protects the rights of the athletes to compete in a fair competition
ꞏ Reward for natural ability and training outcomesꞏ Random testing is a deterrent for othersꞏ Allows athletes to prove they are cleanꞏ Ensures equal opportunity for all athletesꞏ Protects athletes from harmful side effectsꞏ Strict sanctions against athletes found to be cheating
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Sub: Limitations of Drug testing
ꞏ List of banned drugs changes every year. Athletes need to keep up‐to‐date
ꞏ Confronting and invasive method of collecting a urine sampleꞏ Testing is costlyꞏ New drugs will not be detectedꞏ New testing methods always need to be developed and will
only happen once the drug has been used for a period of time.
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Penalties
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Questions:
1. Which drugs should be tested for?
2. What should the consequences be for drug use?
3. Should athletes be allowed to used drugs to recover from injuries?
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Heading: Use of Technology
The information and technology age has broughtwith it a substantial increase in the number andvariety of new and innovative technologicaladvancements aimed at assisting both coachesand athletes to gain a greater understanding of thehuman body and to improve athletic performance.
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Sub: Training Innovations Sports technology assists the coach to become more aware of the athlete’s physiological responses to training:ꞏ testing procedures—wind tunnels, sprint gates, climatic
chambersꞏ simulated competition environments—stationary cycling
with computerised video simulation of competition terrain or altitude tents
ꞏ team and individual performance analysis sheets for objective data
ꞏ equipment—heart rate monitors, GPS systems, treadmills, tacklesuits and lactate testing devices
ꞏ computerised video analysis and photographic equipment for biomechanical analysis.
Technology in Sport Is it Cheating?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZJSMxsjimQ
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Advances in training protocols
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Sub: Lactate Threshold Testing
Lactate threshold testing is designed to determine the maximum steady state intensity an athlete is able to maintain without the accumulation of lactic acid in the blood.
Blood samples are recorded periodically during the staged progressive test, which rises in intensity until the lactate threshold is achieved. Portable lactate analysers can also be used (Not as accurate).
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Sub: Biomechanics AnalysisBiomechanists are able to measure movement and, in collaboration with the coach,assist in the design of programs to help correct any technical flaws, minimise the risk of injury and help the athlete to move in a more efficient and energyconserving manner in order to improve performance.
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Sub: Equipment Advances Modern advances in science and technology have enabled athletes to improve their performance and make sport safer for all participants.
Speedo LZR Pulse swimsuitꞏ Made from elastane and nylonꞏ Water repellent coating prevent water
absorptionꞏ Compression provides core stability
and muscular supportꞏ Seams designed to reduce dragꞏ Increased speedꞏ Reduces fatigueꞏ 2008 Olympics 23 out of 25 records
broken wearing suitꞏ Banned in 2009 by FINA
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Cont..Golf Ballsꞏ Subject to standards and regulations regarding diameter and weight
ꞏ Manufacturers vary materials, patterns and combinations on surface of the ball.
ꞏ Why does a golf ball have dimples?> Reduces drag> Increases distance> Computer simulation used.
Science of Golf: Why Golf Balls Have Dimples
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Computer ActivityComplete the following table on Technological Advancements in sport
Sport Technology Enhancement Benefit
Tennis Carbon Fibre RacquetsLighter and produce more power
Rowing Adistar Rowing Shoes
Increased traction
Assists transfer of power
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkaLsVOrBk0
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Questions
1. Discuss a scenario win which 3D simulations or video analysis would results in improved performance?
2. Has access to technology created unfair competition?
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Improving Performance Option Complete!
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ben_johnson__the_race_that_shocked_the_world__on_nuffinlong_tv.webloc
[InternetShortcut]URL=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-67ImpqAaUA
SMART Notebook
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