Post on 07-Sep-2014
Importance of non metals in biological system
Presented by Muneeb Shah and
Muhammad Umar Farooq
Bioelements
• All elements necessary for them maintenance of life
• Without these elements life on the planet earth is impossible
• These are categorized into three groups • Major or principal elements• Minor elements• Trace elements
Major or Principal elements
• These are elements present in abundance in life forms
• These elements constitute about 93% of any life form
• This category contain only nonmetals • This group includes hydrogen oxygen carbon
and nitrogen
Minor Elements
• These elements constitute 5% (by weight) of cellular material
• It contains both metals and nonmetals • Metal elements are calcium potassium sodium
magnesium and iron • Constitute 3% of total • Nonmetals include sulphur chlorine iodine and
phosphorus• Constitute 2% of total
Trace Elements
• Form less than 1% of cellular weight• It also includes both metals and nonmetals• Metallic trace elements are zinc manganese
copper and cobalt• Nonmetallic elements are silicon fluorine and
boron
Nonmetal in biological systems
• Nonmetals essential for life forms are ; hydrogen carbon oxygen nitrogen phosphorus sulphur chlorine iodine fluorine boron and silicon
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen forms 63% of human body• Important constituent of water• Part of every molecule present in living organisms e.g. proteins
lipids carbohydrates DNA RNA etc.• Responsible for hydrogen bond present between bio molecules
i.e. in proteins DNA and RNA • Hydrogen ion concentration effect ph of body fluids• Role in electron transport chain• Being part of hydrogen peroxide act as antibacterial agent• Being part of HCl aid in digestion • Hydrogen pumps helps in generation of energy
Hydrogen pumpFunctioning of hydrogen pump
Oxygen
• Forms 25.5% of human body• Oxygen is absorbed by blood stream • Plays a vital role in breathing and respiration
process • Important role in metabolism• Important constituent of bio molecules and
water• Protector against disease causing agents • Its exposure results in good stamina
Oxygen absorb by blood cellsProcess showing absorption process of oxygen
Carbon
• Forms 9.5% of human body• Forms backbone chain of all bio molecules • Carbon dioxide is essential for plant life• Helps in maintenance of ph of body in forms
of carbonates and bicarbonate
Amino acid moleculeMolecule of an amino acid showing chain made of carbon
Nitrogen
• It constitute 1.4% of human body • Important part of proteins and nucleic acids• Thus important in almost every aspect of life
as protein is biological jack of all and nucleic acids are heredity molecules
• Found in metabolic waste in form of urea uric acid ammonia etc
DNA moleculeShowing importance of nitrogen in life
Phosphorus
• 0.22% of human body• Present in bones in form of phosphate • Providing framework to body • Important part of cell membrane giving it special
ability of being semi permeable • Present in lipoproteins• Part of energy currency of cells the ATP’s• Help in maintaining blood sugar levels • Help in regular contraction of heart
ATPEnergy currency of cell
chlorine
• Forms 0.33% of human body • Principal component of electrolyte content of body in
form chloride ions• It allows transmission of nerve signal • Regulate amount of fluids in body• Helps to flex the muscles • Help to digest food properly• Aid in immune system of body• Activate salivary amylase• Maintain osmotic balance
Transmission of nerve impulse Role of chloride ion in transmission of nerve impulse
Sulphur
• 0.05% of human body • Protect body from environmental hazards• Slows down aging process• Help liver to function properly • Role in blood clotting• Important part of protein• Aid in ejecting waste and poisonous material from body• Keeps skin clear by producing collagen• Makes hair glossy • Tones blood • Prevent bile secretion
insulinInsulin showing disulphide linkage
Iodine
• Keep thyroid gland healthy • Helps to heal wound• Helps us to grow and develop• Increases thinking process• Triggers break down of cholesterol• Important for health of heart• Controls beat rate• Keeps skin nails and hairs healthy• Manage blood sugar level•
Iodine deficiency causing goiterAbnormal growth of thyroid gland
Flourine
• It strengthen bones and teeth • Stimulate bone growth• Absence of fluorine cause bones to be brittle
and weak
Fluoride for healthier teethPrevent break down of enamel
Silicon
• Help in maintaining bones along with calcium• Aid in formation of connective tissues like
ligaments and tendons• Influential in preventing veins and arteries
from getting hard• Keep brain healthy
Selenium
• Protect blood cells from chemicals• Helps in producing antibodies• Keep pancreas healthy• Makes body tissue elastic
Hydrogen bond in DNA
The end