IMPERIALISM IN THE PACIFICSec. 22-2 Pages 644-648Define: Annexation – sphere of influence –

Open Door policy – provisional – Great White fleet

Identify: Midway Islands – Queen Liliuokalani - John Stevens – Grover Cleveland William McKinley – Samoa Islands – Boxer Rebellion - Sec. of State, John Hay Russo Japanese War – Teddy Roosevelt

HAWAII• 1820- Missionaries set up schools• 1867- Acquired Midway islands on route to China

– use for refueling – fresh water supplies• 1875- US allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter US

without tariff – American planters got wealthy• 1887- US pressured King Kalakaua to allow Pearl

Harbor for US naval base• 1890 – Congress revised tariff laws – no longer

exempt – American planters want to make Hawaii a territory.

HAWAII• 1891- Queen Liliuokalani on throne –

Hawaiians to regain control of island• 1891 – Amer. sugar planters surround

palace - chief diplomat, John Stevens had marines surround island – set up provisional (temporary) government – asked Pres. Harrison to annex – did not ratify before his term was up

• 1893- Pres. Cleveland withdrew treaty – did not support US interference

• 1898- Pres. McKinley agrees to annex territory in 1900 – became state in 1959

SUMMARIZE• What island area did the US gain on route to

China to be used for refueling?• What product in Hawaii did Americans want?• Who refused to allow Americans to influence

Hawaii?• Which president would not intervene?• Which president did?• How did we gain Hawaii?

SAMOA• Islands 3000 miles south of

Hawaii – on trade route to Australia and New Zealand

• 1878 – US got port of Pago Pago – competed for trading rights with Britain & Germany

• 1899 – US, Britain, & Germany met in Berlin, Germany – divided up islands without consulting Samoans. US & Germany split Samoa – Britain withdrew for rights on other Pacific Islands . US annexed Samoa in 1899

CHINA & JAPAN IN 19th CENTURY

CHINA• By 1890, Japan and other European countries had

carved out spheres of influences – sections of a country where one foreign nation enjoys special rights and powers.

• Japan – Formosa & parts of mainland• Germany – Shandong in east-central China• Britain & France – Hong Kong – southeast • Russia – Manchuria & northern China

SPHERES OF INFLUENCE

SUMMARIZE• What is a sphere of influence?

• What country had spheres of influence?

• What five countries were allowed to trade in this country?

• Which country didn’t have a sphere in this nation?

China• US had no sphere – Sec. of State, John Hay wanted to

expand trading rights – proposed Open Door Policy – each foreign nation in China could trade freely in the other nations’ spheres of influence

• 1900- Boxer Rebellion – secret Chinese martial arts society led uprising against foreigners in Beijing (capital)

International army of 25,000 defeated Chinese• 2nd Open Door Policy – Nations will respect borders and

allow China to maintain independence• Note: Later Chinese will believe the only way to achieve

Chinese goals was to have a revolution. Sun Yat-sen will become leader in 1911 of Nationalist

Party

JAPAN

JAPAN• 1854 – Comm. Matthew Perry opened US trade

with Japan – US interested in coal• 1870 – Industrialized – reluctant to borrow

money – feared foreign takeovers• Late 1880s – economy growing – good work

force – cheap labor – new technology – strong army & navy

• Eager for power, Japan will try to get resources in Korea – clash with Russia over Manchuria – area rich in natural resources

JAPAN• 1904 – Russo-Japanese War – both sides eager

to make peace – resources exhausted – Pres. T. Roosevelt helped settle - wins Nobel

Peace Prize for treaty• Treaty of Portsmouth - Japan gains control of

Korea in return pledging to stop expansion• Japan will emerge stronger in naval power in

the Pacific.

JAPAN• Immigrants to US feel they are mistreated• 1906 – Gentlemen’s Agreement restricts

immigrants to US – US will not segregate Japanese in schools

Great White Fleet• 1907 – Pres. T. Roosevelt sends 16 new white

battleships on world tour – show US naval power to world – Japanese impressed – will resolve differences with US

SUMMARIZE• This country had a rebellion to force out

foreigners .• This idea said any nation can trade in a port in

China.• The Treaty of Portsmouth allowed Japan to

expand into this nearby territory• This was Pres. Roosevelt’s show of military

power to the world.