Imperialism

ImperialismA policy in which a powerful nation seeks to

dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially.

Motives of Imperialism• Political – To secure and strengthen the

military, nation, or the empire.• Ideological – Spread of ideas. • Economic – Security and growth of wealth of

the nation. • Religious– religious and humanitarian

concerns (salvation and welfare of the indigenous people).• Exploratory-explore and discover new lands

and people. –Remember the acronym: P.I.E.R.E.

Terms relating to Imperialism• Colony – an area that is controlled by or belongs to

a country and is usually far away from it– Can you think of British colonies

• Protectorate – a political unit that depends on another government for its protection

Signs of Colonization

• Language • Government• Sports• Religion • Ideas (Values)

Nationalism• Loyalty and devotion to a

nation• European powers

competed to strengthen their empires.

Industrial Revolution• Growing industries and

manufacturing led to the demand for resources (minerals, cotton, oil).

Other Factors

Colonial Rule■European empires were engaged in

colonial competition■Colonies will become the symbol of

imperial power■Direct or Indirect control of their

colonies

What do you see? Do they look friendly?

AfricaTrade• Before1800s Europeans were interested in slavery • After 1800s Europeans were interested in raw

material and Cash crops• Only Ethiopia & Liberia remain independent• Exploration & settlement• Arbitrary borders / ConflictTechnology• New technology helped imperialism• Transportations, communications such as trains,

ships, and telegraphs

White Man’s Burden• "The White Man's Burden" was a poem by the

English poet Rudyard Kipling.• It was a “burden,” a duty of the “White Man” to

help teach the native people into civility. – “Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-

child.”– Civilizing the heathens– Paternalism– assimilation– Colonization was beneficial to the native people

Berlin ConferenceColonial powers discussed the fairness of

dividing the territory at the Berlin Conference (1884-1885) at which they agreed to a colonial

map of Africa

Africa (pg 344)

• French Colonized North West

• British Colonized East and South

• Only Independent Nations were Ethiopia and Liberia

Pictowords• Nationalism• Imperialism• Colony• Protectorate• Political• Ideological• Economy• Religious• Exploratory

Examples

A pictoword is a picture that describes the definition of a word.

Recreate the map of Africa in 344

• List all the names of the territories

• Color in the territories for• Belgian• Boer• British• French• German• Independent• Italian• Ottoman• Portuguese• Spanish

Africa

“School House”

British India

The Crown Jewel

India■British Jewel in the crown

◆British East India Company◆Charter companies exported cash

crops◆Made alliances with various

kingdoms■

Westernization• Created roads, created army, police force

etc• Created the idea of “India”• Legal codes • Western education and reforms– “Sati” – Widow Burning– “Thagis” – organized murderers who practiced

human sacrifice– Infanticide – Universities

Pros and Cons

• Pros – Created the idea of “India”– Creation of legal codes, education, and social

reforms (banned Sati, Thags, human sacrifice, infanticide)

– Improved quality of life• Cons– Economic and political restriction– Indians became servants to the English

SATI

Thaggis

Discontent (Unhappy)• Remarriage Laws• Taxes• Sepoys – Indian

Soldiers in service of the British–Rifle cartages were

made from pig and cow fat– Forced to travel by sea

What kind of meat is not allowed to be eaten in Hinduism?

What kind of meat is not allowed to be eaten in Islam?

Sepoy Mutiny (Rebellion)• Angry Sepoys rose up against the British Officials –

hailed the Mughal Emperor as the ruler• British eventually ended the rebellion– Executed every soldier and leader– Burned, destroyed, and slaughtered villages– Fear and mistrust on both sides

• India’s First War of Independence• British India Company is replaced with the Viceroy

(highest position held by the British under the queen in India)

• British become the rulers of India

Bahadur Shah II deposed and exiled

British become the rulers of India

Mohandas K. Gandhi

Mohandas K. Gandhi“Mahatma” (Great Soul)• Leader of the Indian

National Congress • Goal was to achieve

India’s independence from Great Britain

• Organized campaigns

Mohandas K. GandhiPhilosophies:• Nonviolence– Ahimsa – “Non-harming” of all

life• Civil Disobedience– Refusal to obey unjust rule– Boycotting (refusal to buy)

• Equal rights : men, women, and caste– Untouchables : lowest class in

Hindu society