Immigration & Immigration & Urbanization Urbanization 1877-19001877-1900

Created by Mr.

Johnson

ObjectiveObjective• 5.01 –

Evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on urban life.

ElevatorElectric TrolleysTelephoneAlexander Graham BellPhonographThomas EdisonTypewriterJacob RiisHow the Other Half LivesJane AddamsSettlement HousesHull HouseCulture ShockEllis Island

Angel IslandDumbbell TenementsChinese Exclusion ActSweatshopsAmusement ParksSpectator SportsNew ImmigrationOld ImmigrationFrederick Law OlmsteadMelting PotSalad BowlCultural PluralismNativism

Key TermsKey Terms

Mark Twain – “The Gilded Age”Mark Twain – “The Gilded Age”

Robber BaronsRobber Barons

Conspicuous ConsumptionConspicuous Consumption

Rising Tide of Rising Tide of ImmigrationImmigration

Immigration & UrbanizationImmigration & Urbanization

Old ImmigrationOld Immigration

New ImmigrationNew Immigration

New ImmigrationNew Immigration

Why They CameWhy They Came• Job Opportunities• Homestead Act• Anti-Semitism

The JourneyThe Journey• Ocean Liners• Traveling in

Steerage• Into the Unknown

ARRIVALARRIVAL• Physical Exams• Quarantine• Name Changes• Culture Shock• Video – Edison

Motion Pictures

Medical Exams & QuarantineMedical Exams & Quarantine

Ellis Island, NYEllis Island, NY

Ellis Island, NYEllis Island, NY

Statue of Liberty, 1886Statue of Liberty, 1886

TorchTorch– Light & hopeLight & hope

Seven SpiresSeven Spires– ““Seven Seas”Seven Seas”

Stone TabletStone Tablet– July IV MDCCLXXVIJuly IV MDCCLXXVI

““The New The New Colossus”Colossus”

Statue of LibertyStatue of Liberty

The New ColossusThe New ColossusNot like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, whose flameIs the imprisoned lightning, and her nameMother of Exiles. From her beacon-handGlows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes commandThe air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame."Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries sheWith silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

—Emma Lazarus, 1883

Angel Island, San FranciscoAngel Island, San Francisco

Japanese “Picture Brides”Japanese “Picture Brides”

NativismNativism

• “Know-Nothings”

American PartyAmerican Party

• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)– Restricted immigration from China

• National Origin Quotas• Gentlemen’s Agreement – U.S./Japan

(1907)– U.S. agrees to allow Japanese immigrants

into U.S. public schools– Japan promises to restrict immigration

• Webb Alien Land Law (1913)– California law– Prohibits aliens from owning land

Nativist LawsNativist Laws

Thomas Nast: Catholic Thomas Nast: Catholic INvasionINvasion

Thomas Nast: Irish Mob RuleThomas Nast: Irish Mob Rule

Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882

Immigration TodayImmigration Today

New Ethnic New Ethnic NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods

Theories of CultureTheories of Culture

Melting Pot Assimilation

Salad Bowl Pluralism

ChinatownChinatown• San

Francisco• Los Angeles• New York

City

Hester StreetHester Street

St. Patrick’s CathedralSt. Patrick’s Cathedral

St. Patrick’s CathedralSt. Patrick’s Cathedral

““Little Italy”Little Italy”

The Lives of The Lives of ImmigrantsImmigrants

TenementsTenements• One or more

families living in a small apartment

• Poor sanitation & ventilation

TenementsTenements

TenementsTenements

Dumbbell TenementDumbbell Tenement

Immigrant FamiliesImmigrant Families

SweatshopsSweatshops• Urban

factories with poor wages & working conditions

Jacob RiisJacob Riis• How the Other

Half Lives (1890)

• Described the working and living conditions of immigrants

• First “muckraker”

Jane AddamsJane Addams• Settlement houses

– Educated, trained Americans

– Living in poor immigrant communities

– Art, education, economic development

• Hull House, Chicago

Hull HouseHull House

Horatio AlgerHoratio Alger• Dime Novels• The American

Dream– Honesty & hard

work– “Rags to riches”

stories

Labor StirringsLabor Stirrings

“Eight hours for work,Eight hours for rest,Eight hours for what

we will.”

““Gotham” Gotham” New York CityNew York City

SkyscrapersSkyscrapers• Office buildings• Symbols of the corporations

themselves• Architects

– Function– Aesthetics

Bessemer ProcessBessemer Process• Steel vs. iron

– Lighter– stronger

• Skyscrapers• Bridges

Early SkyscrapersEarly Skyscrapers

Flatiron BuildingFlatiron Building

ElevatorsElevators

Grand Central StationGrand Central Station

Electric TrolleysElectric Trolleys

Brooklyn BridgeBrooklyn BridgeJohn A. Roebling, architect

““America’s America’s Second City” Second City” ChicagoChicago

Railway Exchange & Central Railway Exchange & Central YMCAYMCA

Louis SullivanLouis Sullivan

Bayard-Condict BuildingBayard-Condict Building

Transportation BuildingTransportation Building

Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. StoreCarson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store

Sport, Leisure Sport, Leisure & & ConsumerismConsumerism

• Public Parks– Central Park, NY– Prospect Park, NY– Niagara

Reservation

Frederick Law OlmsteadFrederick Law Olmstead

Central Park, NYCentral Park, NY

Central Park TodayCentral Park Today

The National PastimeThe National Pastime

Boxing & College FootballBoxing & College Football

Country ClubsCountry Clubs

BicyclesBicycles

Coney Island, NYConey Island, NY

Department StoresDepartment Stores

Mail Order CatalogsMail Order Catalogs

Typewriters & SecretariesTypewriters & Secretaries

The TelephoneThe Telephone• Alexander Graham

Bell or Antonio Meucci?

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison Light Bulb

Phonograph

Eastman KodakEastman Kodak

““The New The New South”South”

Henry Woodfin GradyHenry Woodfin Grady• Industrialization

& urbanization• Free wage labor

& cordial race relations

• “New South”

Piedmont vs. TidewaterPiedmont vs. Tidewater

Good Roads MovementGood Roads Movement• Reasons

• Education• Bicycles…

automobiles• North Carolina –

“the good roads state”

Company TownsCompany Towns

Textile IndustryTextile Industry

Tobacco IndustryTobacco Industry

““Red Shirts”Red Shirts”• “Waving the

bloody shirt”• White

supremacy/ segregation

• Democrats/Ellison Alger Smyth

Convict LaborConvict Labor

Birmingham Steel MillsBirmingham Steel Mills

• Industrial-ization

• Convict mine labor

Birmingham Steel MillsBirmingham Steel Mills

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington• Tuskegee

Institute• “Atlanta

Compromise” Speech:• Abandon civil

rights & challenges to segregation

• Focus on economic independence

• “Cast down your bucket where you are”

ReviewReview

Immigration• Push & pull factors• Ellis & Angel Island• Ethnic

neighborhoods• “Melting Pot” vs.

“Salad Bowl”• Backlash against

immigration

Urbanization• Population

explosion• Growth in city size• New opportunities

for both men & women

• Tenement slums• Mass transit• Skyscrapers

Main Ideas