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IMD100 Fundamentals of Interactive Design
Day 1
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Schedule Course Introduction Getting Set Up with BaseCamp Filling Out Info Sheets Accessing Your Student Web Space Lecture
History of the Web What is HTML What is CSS Assignment #1 and #2
Web Design ProjectsAn Overview
Basic StepsThe basic steps for a web design project:
1. Define the project *2. Develop site structure *3. Design visual interface *4. Build and integrate *5. Launch and maintenance * 6. Evaluate effectiveness of web site
* Do user tests as needed
Web ReDesign 2.0 | Workflow That Works by Kelly Goto & Emily Cotler (New Riders, 2005)
Expert Knowledge Needed Graphic design
Information architecture
Information technology
Instructional design
Interactive design
Marketing
Media development
Project management
Programming
Search engine optimization
Social science
Software engineering
Teamwork and team building
Usability and user testing
Web accessibility
Web development
Project Design TeamProject teams can include the following:
Client Stakeholders Project manager Information architects Information technologists Instructional designers Social scientists Interactive design experts Usability experts Graphic designers and media specialists Programmers Software engineers Web developers
Usability The goal of the web design team is to create a usable and useful user
experience that, ultimately, helps the organization meet its mission, goals, and objectives.
The Basics HTML
Stands for Hyper Text Markup Language It is a tag based language used to format the look and layout of webpages It can be edited in any text editor software It is rendered by browser software such as Firefox, Chrome, or Internet Explorer Case Sensitivity and Whitespace in an HTML document.
CSS Stands for Cascading Style Sheets Is used to format webpages and is used as an alternative to HTML formatting CSS style can be implemented in the <head> portion of the webpage or can be stored in an external
file with a .css extension and referenced. It allows for flexible formatting and rapid changes to the style of multiple pages without ever having
to open and edit the associated HTML files.
Basic HTML Tags <html>
…everything between the html tags defines the webpage and how to render it.
<head></head> …everything between the head tags contains items not visible to the user but are
important for defining links to external style sheets or scripts, search engine keywords, and page descriptions.
<body></body> …everything between the body tags is where all the visible elements of your page are
contained. This is where you will format text, images, charts and other information and media.
What is a Website?A group of related Web pages that are linked
together and share a common interface and design
Resides on a server
Basic Elements of a PageTextHyperlinks (links)Graphics
BannersNavigation bars
Image mapFlash button objects
Development Process
Site Map Files View allows for a quick overview of all pages and files in your root folder
Site Maps Keep track of relationship between pages Graphical representation of pages Shows folder structure Shows checked out pages
Map view in the Files panel Show file names or page titles Edit page titles in the site map Uses a tree structure to visually represent the how pages are linked
Creating a Site Map Using a Tree Chart, pre visualize the pages needed for your site
Home Page (welcome the user)
About
Bio Resume
Projects
Current Archive
Gear Links
VSFX Programming Blog Sound Art
Contact
Testing Phase Browsers and Browser Versions
Screen Size
Download times
This is a continuous and important process, you must ensure that the user will have a positive experience when visiting your site.
Changes mean testing, it is not a once and done step
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History of the Web
The Evolution of the InternetInternet
Interconnected network of computer networksARPAnet
Advanced Research Project Agency 1969 – four computers connected
NSFnet National Science Foundation
Use of the Internet was originally limited to government, research and academic use
1991 Commercial ban lifted
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Intranet & ExtranetsIntranet
A private network contained within an organization or business used to share information and resources among coworkers.
ExtranetA private network that securely shares part of an
organization’s information or operations with external partners
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Growth of the Internet
Hobbes Internet Timeline http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timelin
e/
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Year
1969 1989199219952001200220032006
Host Computers 4 100,000 1,000,000 8,000,000 109,000,000 147,000,000
171,600,000439,000,000
Reasons forInternet Growth in the 1990s
Removal of the ban on commercial activity
Development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN
Development of Mosaic, the first graphics-based web browser at NCSA
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The World Wide Web The graphical user interface to information stored on some of
the computers connected to the Internet.
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Internet Standards & Coordination
The Internet Society A professional organization that provides leadership in
addressing issues related to the future of the Internet
IETF-- Internet Engineering Task Force RFC – Requests for Comments
IAB – Internet Architecture Board
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Internet Standards & Coordination
ICANN - The Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers & Names◦ Non-profit organization ◦ Main function is to coordinate the assignment of:
Internet domain names IP address numbers Protocol parameters Protocol port numbers.
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Web Standards and the W3C Consortium
W3C – World Wide Web Consortium Develops recommendations and prototype technologies
related to the Web
Produces specifications, called Recommendations, in an effort to standardize web technologies
WAI – Web Accessibility Initiative
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Web Accessibility WAI – Web Accessibility Initiative
Develops recommendations for web content developers, web authoring tool developers, developers of web browsers, and developers of other user agents to facilitate use of
the web by those with special needs.
WCAG Web Content Accessibility
Guidelineshttp://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/
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Web Accessibility Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
requires that government agencies must give individuals with disabilities access to information technology that is comparable to the access available to others
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Network Overview
Network -- two or more computers connected together for the purpose of communicating and sharing resources
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Networks
LAN -- Local Area NetworkUsually confined to a single building or group of buildings
MAN -- Metropolitan Area NetworkConnects computer resources in a local geographical area
WAN -- Wide Area NetworkUsually uses some form of public or commercial
communications network to connect computers is widely dispersed geographical areas.
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A WAN connecting two LANs 29
The Client/Server ModelClient/Server can describe a relationship
between two computer programs – the "client" and the "server".
Clientrequests some type of service (such as a file or
database access) from the server. Server
fulfills the request and transmits the results to the client over a network
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The Client/Server Model The Internet Client/Server Model
Client -- Web Browser Server -- Web Server
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Web ClientConnected to the Internet when neededUsually runs web browser (client) software such as
Internet Explorer or NetscapeUses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)Requests web pages from serverReceives web pages and files from server
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Web ServerContinually connected to the InternetRuns web server software (such as
Apache or Internet Information Server)Uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)Receives request for the web pageResponds to request and transmits status
code, web page, and associated files
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MIME Type Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension
a set of rules that allow multimedia documents to be exchanged among many different computer systems
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Internet Protocols Protocols
Rules that describe the methods used for clients and servers to communicate with each other over a network.
There is no single protocol that makes the Internet and Web work.
A number of protocols with specific functions are needed.
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FTPFile Transfer Protocol
A set of rules that allow files to be exchanged between computers on the Internet.
Web developers commonly use FTP to transfer web page files from their computers to web servers.
FTP is also used to download programs and files from other servers to individual computers.
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E-mail Protocols Sending E-mail
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Receiving E-mail POP (POP3) Post Office Protocol IMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol
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HTTPHypertext Transfer Protocol
A set of rules for exchanging files such as text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the Web.
Web browsers send HTTP requests for web pages and their associated files.
Web servers send HTTP responses back to the web browsers.
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HTTP Request
HTTP Response
TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TCP/IP has been adopted as the official communication protocol of the Internet.
TCP and IP have different functions that work together to ensure reliable communication over the Internet.
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TCPTransmission Control Protocol
Purpose is to ensure the integrity of communicationBreaks files and messages into individual units
called packets
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IPInternet Protocol
A set of rules that controls how data is sent between computers on the Internet.
IP routes a packet to the correct destination address. The packet gets successively forwarded to the next closest router (a
hardware device designed to move network traffic) until it reaches its destination.
http://visualroute.visualware.com/
http://www.tracert.com/cgi-bin/trace.pl
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IP AddressEach device connected to the Internet
has a unique numeric IP address. These addresses consist of a set of
four groups of numbers, called octets. 74.125.95.104 will get you Google!
An IP address may correspond to a domain name.
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Domain Name Locates an organization or other entity on the Internet
Domain Name System◦ Divides the Internet into logical groups and understandable
names◦ Associates unique computer IP Addresses with the text-based
domain names you type into a web browser◦ Browser: http://google.com ◦ IP Address: 74.125.95.104
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URL Uniform Resource Locator Represents the
address of a resource on the Internet.
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TLDTop-Level Domain Name
A top-level domain (TLD) identifies the right-most part of the domain name.
Current generic TLDs:.com, .org, .net, .mil, .gov, .edu, .int, .aero, .asia, .cat, .jobs, .name, .biz, .museum, .info, .coop, .pro, .travel
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County CodeTLDs
Two character codes originally intended to indicate the geographical location (country) of the web site.
In practice, it is fairly easy to obtain a domain name with a country code TLD that is not local to the registrant.
Examples: .tv, .ws, .au, .jp, .ukSee http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm
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Domain Name SystemThe Domain Name System (DNS)
associates Domain Names with IP addresses.
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Domain Name
IP Address
Use TPC/IP to send HTTP Request
Web Server
Use TCP/IP to send HTTP Responseswith web page files & images
Web Browser
Web Browserdisplays web page
DNS
Markup Languages SGML – Standard Generalized Markup Language
A standard for specifying a markup language or tag set
HTML – Hypertext Markup Language The set of markup symbols or codes placed in a file intended for
display on a web browser.
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Markup Languages (2)XML – eXtensible Markup Language
A text-based language designed to describe, deliver, and exchange structured information.
It is not intended to replace HTML – it is intended to extend the power of HTML by separating data from presentation.
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Markup Languages (3)XHTML – eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
Developed by the W3C as the reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML.
It combines the formatting strengths of HTML 4.0 and the data structure and extensibility strengths of XML.
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Markup Languages (4)HTML 5
The next version of HTML 4 and XHTML 1
http://www.w3.org/html/
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Markup Languages (5)
The relationship between XHTML, HTML, and XML
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For Next Class Assignment #1 Due
Read Chapter 1 of the text
Study for Quiz #1