Post on 06-May-2015
description
IMAGE IMAGE ANALYSIS USING ANALYSIS USING
WAVELETSWAVELETS
PARTPART--1 : Fundamentals of Image 1 : Fundamentals of Image ProcessingProcessing
PARTPART--2 2 : Wavelets: Wavelets
Presentation on……..Presentation on……..
PARTPART--2 2 : Wavelets: Wavelets
By
Prof.B.B.S.KUMARProf.B.B.S.KUMARResearch Scholar, Assistant Professor,Research Scholar, Assistant Professor,
RajarajeswariRajarajeswari College of Engineering,College of Engineering,
Bangalore, IndiaBangalore, India
1FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
PARTPART--1 1 : Fundamentals of Image : Fundamentals of Image
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India2
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
•• What is Image?What is Image?
•• What What is Digital Image Processing?is Digital Image Processing?
•• Sampling and ReconstructionSampling and Reconstruction
•• Color Image ProcessingColor Image Processing
•• The Origins of Digital Image ProcessingThe Origins of Digital Image Processing
•• Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Fundamental Steps in Digital Image
ProcessingProcessing
•• Components of an Image Processing SystemComponents of an Image Processing System
3FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
One picture is worth more than ten thousand words
4FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
5FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
WHAT IS IMAGEWHAT IS IMAGE??
• Image is physical quantity
• Converted into electrical signal by transducers
• Consist of an Data and mathematical function
and represented in 1-D signal
• Using 1-D signal processing is called signal • Using 1-D signal processing is called signal
processing
6FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
What is Digital Image Processing?What is Digital Image Processing?
• Electrical Signal is Sampled, Quantized and Encoded –
DSP
• Image Signal is Sampled, Quantized and Encoded – DIP
Digital Image Processing
• f(x,y): A 2-dimensional function, where x and y are
spatial(plane) coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any
pair of coordinates (x,y) is called the intensity or gray
level of the image at that point called a digital image.
7FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
• x size: 512, y size : 512, gray levels: 256
Gray scale image : 262KB, Color image : 786KB
• Digital image: x, y, and the amplitude values of f are
all finite, discrete quantities
• Image Mathematical representation in Matrix form m
x n, m as rows and n as columns x n, m as rows and n as columns
• Digital image is composed of a finite number of
elements, these elements are called picture elements,
image elements, pels and pixels
• A pixel is a sample of a continuous function8
FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Image Formats
• TIFF -Tagged Image File Format (.tiff., tif)
• JPEG -Joint Photographic Experts Group
(.jpg., jpeg)
• GIF -Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
• BMP -Windows Bitmap (.bmp)• BMP -Windows Bitmap (.bmp)
• PNG -Portable Network Graphics (.png)
• XWD -X Window Dump (.xwd)
9FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Properties of Images
• Spatial resolution
Width pixels/width cm and height pixels/ height cm
• Intensity resolution
Intensity bits/intensity range (per channel)Intensity bits/intensity range (per channel)
• Number of channels
RGB is 3 channels, grayscale is one channel
10FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Electromagnetic Spectrum
11FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Image Errors• Spatial Aliasing
Not enough spatial resolution
• Intensity Quantization
Not enough intensity resolution
Two Issues• Sampling and Reconstruction• Sampling and Reconstruction
Creating and displaying images while reducing spatial aliasing
errors
• Halftoning Techniques
Dealing with intensity quantization
12FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Aliasing• Artifacts caused by too low sampling frequency
(undersampling) or improper reconstruction
• Undersampling rate determined by Nyquist limit (Shannon’s sampling theorem)
Aliasing in computer graphicsIn graphics, two major typesIn graphics, two major types
• Spatial aliasing
Problems in individual images
• Temporal aliasing
Problems in image sequences (motion)
13FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTIONSAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION
14FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Color Image ProcessingColor Image Processing
Color Image Processing divided into two major
areas:
– Full color(Sensor, color TV camera and color scanner)
– Pseudocolor(color to particular monochrome intensity
or range of intensities)or range of intensities)
Quality of a chromatic light source:
– Radiance(energy(Watts) flows from the light source),
– Luminance(measure of energy(lumens) source)
– Brightness(impossible to measure)
15FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
• Human eye absorption
– Primary colors-Red, Green and Blue(RGB)
– Wavelength:R-700nm, G-346.1nm, B-435.8nm
• Primary colors can be produce the secondary colors of light
– Magenta(R+B), Cyan(G+B) and Yellow(R+G)
Contd……
– Magenta(R+B), Cyan(G+B) and Yellow(R+G)
• Digital technologies
– CRT(Cathode Ray Tube),
– LCD(Liquid Crystal Displays) ,
– TFTs(Thin Film transistors)
– Plasma Devices
16FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Color Models(color space or color system)Color Models(color space or color system)
– RGB(Red, Green and Blue)
– CMY(Cyan, Magenta and Yellow)
– CMYK(Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black)
– HIS(Hue, Saturation and Intensity)
– Red, Green and Blue- each 8-bit image– Red, Green and Blue- each 8-bit image
– RGB color pixel-24 bits
– The total number of colors in a 24-RGB image is (28)3=16,777,216
– 24-bit RGB image are limited to 256 colors
– 216 common colors are used.
– 40 colors unknown.17
FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
The Origins of Digital Image The Origins of Digital Image
ProcessingProcessing
• One of the first applications of digital images
was in the newspaper industry, when pictures
were first sent by submarine cable between
London and New York.London and New York.
18FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Better
Quality
19FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
1515--Tone Tone
EquipmentEquipment
20FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
From computers, meaningful image processing From computers, meaningful image processing
tasks appearedtasks appeared
21FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum
22FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Gamma-
Ray
Imaging
23FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
X-ray
Imaging
24FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Imaging in Imaging in
the
Ultraviolet
Band
25FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Imaging Imaging
in the
Visible
and
Infrared
Bands
26FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Remote sensing
27FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
28FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Weather Weather Observation, visible and infraredbands
29FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Infrared Infrared
Imaging
30FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
31FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Automated
Visual
Inspection
32FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
33FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Imaging in Imaging in
the
Microwave
Band
34FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Imaging
in the
Radio
Band
MRI
35FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
36FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
SoundSound
Examples in which Other Imaging Modalities Are Used
SoundSound
37FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
UltrasoundUltrasound
38FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Electron
MicroscopeMicroscope
39FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Images Images
generated generated generated generated
by by
computerscomputers
40FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
41FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Fundamental Steps in Digital Image
ProcessingProcessing
42FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Computerized Processes– Low level Processes
– Mid Level Processes
– Higher level Processes
• Low Level Processes– Image preprocessing-reduce noise, contrast enhancement and image
sharpening- inputs and outputs are images
• Mid Level Processes• Mid Level Processes– Segmentation(partitioning an image into regions or objects)
– Inputs are images
– Outputs are attritubes extracted from those images(edges, contours, and the identity of individual objects)
• Higher level Processes– Making sense of recognozied objects with human vision– Human vision perception is very important
43FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
Components of an Image Processing
System
44FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
To be continued…………Next
PARTPART--2:Wavelets2:Wavelets
45FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India
THANK YOU!THANK YOU!
46FDP Lecture-1, Dept. of ECE, RRCE,
Bangalore, India