DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERINGAUGUST 31ST,

2017ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

IB JOHANNSENAARHUSUNIVERSITY

PLAST INDUSTRIEN I DANMARK

BIOBASERET PLASTOG BIORAFFINERING

IB JOHANNSEN(IBJ@ENG.AU.DK, TLF +4521356050)

CENTER FOR BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGIES

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING, AARHUS UNIVERSITY

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

3

1. Bioraffinering – hvorfor og hvorhen (Biovalue)

2. Bioplast

1. Nogle overordnede trends

2. Nogle eksempler

1. Lactat monomerer - PLA

2. Lignin bindere

3. Andre eksempler

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMYEnergy challenges are beeing solved:

- Conversion: Wind, water, solar, …. (we get plenty every day)Still: Storage, biogas conversion, batteries…., distribution

Carbon challenge?- Chemicals and materials (5-15% of fossil fuel consumption)- Transportation fuel

Direct thermal conversion - combustion - of biomass is hardly sustainable looking ahead:Plants are lousy energy collectors and a valuable resource. We should use biomass for value added products

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Bio based economy

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Classicalrefinery

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Bio-refinery

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NEED FOR INNOVATION

Biomass do not fit into

existing technology platforms:

Present chemical and refinery

Industry is based of fossil fuels

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

NEED FOR INNOVATION

Biomass do not fit into

existing technology platforms:

Present chemical and refinery

Industry is based of fossil fuels

And are large and centralized –

Biomass is not

?

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

BIOMASS VALUE CHAIN

Pharmaceuticals, additives

Food

Materials

Feed

FuelVolume

Value

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

VOLUME AND VALUE

Volume x Value = Market/turnover• High value products are less sensitive to raw material costs• Low value products require huge volumes, and huge

investments• The ‘sweet spot’ is in between - product values 1-5 €/kg• But co-production of low value products – fuels/biogas will still

be needed in order to create volume and utilise side streams

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

BIOREFINING VALUE VERSUS VOLUME

Pharmac., additives

Food

Materials

Feed

FuelVolume

Value

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

BIOMASS VALORIZATION

Two routes:- convert biomass into intermediates similar to crude oil and natural gas and use existing upgrading technology- exploit the complex structure of biomass to make functional molecules and materials (requires new technology)

?

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

EXPLOIT BIOMASS COMPLEXITY (AND OXYGEN CONTENT)

Source: Esben Taarning

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

EXAMPLE: BIOVALUEKnowledge- and innovation base for substitution of products and processes based on fossil raw materials with sustainable value chains based on refining of biomass

July 2013 - July 2018

Budget: €21 million (€ 1,5 million dedicated to SME-projects)

Funded by InnovationFonden (50%) and the Partners (50%)

Currently 18 PhD students and 7 Postdocs, total approx. 90 people

www.biovalue.dkPartners4 Universities

9 Companies

1 GTS

INBIOM

1 9

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

BIOVALUE OBJECTIVES

2 0

Target the entire value chain from sustainable biomass production to separation and conversion of all components of biomass into value-added products:

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

CENTER FOR BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGIES

Strategic focus:1. Biorefining for Value added products: Feed, chemicals and fuels2. Engineering science in biorefining processes – Efficincy3. Develop processes in pilot/demo scale - Scalability4. Synergy in combined biorefining processes – Process integration

CBT

Straw/ feedcrops

Waste biomass

AU-CBT

Biorefining

SNG

Chemicalsfuel

Feed, fodder

Fertilizer

Electricity Heat

Energy crops

Manure/sludge

Center for Biorefinery technologies:(kg to ton/hour) Feed,

fodderBio-

mass

Bio Crude

BiogasSludge

BioWaste

Separation

Anaerobferment.

HTL

Catalytic CO2reduction

BioSNG

Destillation/upgrading

Chemicals, Fuel

Fertilizer

Manure

SOEC

Straw/ feedcrops

Waste biomass

Energy crops

Manure/sludge

Pretreat-ment

Enzyme +Fermentation

Separation

CBT

Center for Biorefinery technologies:(kg to ton/hour) Feed,

fodder

Bio-mass

Bio Crude

BiogasSludge

BioWaste

Separation

Anaerobferment.

HTL

Catalytic CO2reduction

BioSNG

Upgrading(2017)

Chemicals, Fuel

Fertilizer

Manure

SOEC

Straw/ feedcrops

Waste biomass

Energy crops

Manure/sludge

Pretreat-ment

Enzyme +Fermentation

Separation

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

BIOPLAST - BIOPLASTICS

Definitioner:•Biobaseret plast•Bionedbrydelig plast•Kompositter med biofibre

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

1% !

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

FORVENTET I 2015 (FORUDSAGT I 2010)

1,7 mill ton

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

2016:

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

2016:

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

TWO EXAMPLES - FROM BIOVALUE

3 3

Target the entire value chain from sustainable biomass production to separation and conversion of all components of biomass into value-added products:

34

Topsoe Catalytic Lactate/MVG Process

Sugar syrup

Methanol CatalystO

OOHO

OOH

MeOH H2O

other

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

LIGNIN DERIVED PRODUCTS

Lignin is the key to obtain economy in lignocellulosic biorefining

For every ton of 2G-bioethanol produced 1 ton of lignin sidestream is produced (50 million ton expected in -22) on top of the 70 million ton produced by the paper industry

Presently mainly used as solid fuel after drying - better alternatives are needed – but it is not easy:

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

BIOFUELS DIGEST(AUGUST 2017)

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

LIGNIN

“For all of your questions about the advanced bioeconomy there’s just the one answer and that is “lignin”.

Why don’t we see more biobased chemical plants built these days? Lignin.

Why do people shy away from hardwoods as a raw material even though it’s sustainable, available, reliable and affordable? Lignin.

What raw material have more people tried to make money out of and failed than anything else? Lignin.If the bioeconomy really catches fire, it’ll be because of a breakthrough in what? Lignin.”

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

LIGNIN

The Yosemite Sam of materials

It’s the meanest, toughest hombre of a material that ever came out of the ground, it’s the Yosemite Sam of the advanced bioeconomy —unreliable, inconsistent, grumpy, fiery, strident, incapable of improvement, impossible to do anything with, and impossible to ignore. So people just burn it. It smells faintly like vanilla and almonds, but it ought to smell like $20 bills going up in smoke

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Maabjerg engergy c

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

BIOVALUE’S LIGNIN ROUTES

In Project 6 two routes have been pursued: - develop catalytic routes to cut lignin into its momomers using ethanol as the solvent – DTU, Borregard, Haldor Topsøe: Good results obtained with respect to catalyst stability – but still a long way to go for commercialisation

EtOH+ Cat.Phenolic monomers

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

BIOVALUE’S LIGNIN ROUTES

- modify and exploit the existing lignin structure to form binders - AU, ROCKWOOL: New methods developed to modify, analyse and test a large number of versions.

Recent developed binders based on lignin solutions have shown promising results in the laboratory that could prove relevant for commercialization

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

ANDRE EKSEMPLER

- Drop in acrylonitrile – fra methyl lactat (sukker)- Ligninbaserede binder til træ og metal- Nye bindere til fiber kompositter- Aromatiske byggeblokke til polyester fra lignin

IB JOHANNSEN

20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY

SUMMARY

• It makes sense to go for value added products• One technology will not solve it all – a systems approach is

needed• The steps from Lab to Pilot and from Pilot to production are

large and costly – in competition with present technology• Several candidates for new biobased products in the pipeline

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

AARHUSUNIVERSITY AUGUST 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

IB JOHANNSEN

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTIONIb Johannsen, IBJ@eng.au.dk

Esben Taarning, Bjørn S. Kilsgaard, Miroslav Nikolic, Claus Felby, Patrick Biller, Marianne Glasius, Mads Jensen

HALDOR TOPSØE A/SROCKWOOL Int. A/SNovozymes A/S DTU, KU,AU

………….BioValue- SPIR