Prof. Michael Fowler

mfowler@uwaterloo.ca

Dr. Azadeh MaroufMashat azadeh.maroufmashat@uwaterloo.ca

Ushnik Mukherjee Jonathan Ranisau

Mohammed Barbouti Aaron Trainor

Nidhi Juthani

Hadi El-Shayeb

u3mukherjee@uwaterloo.ca

jranisau@uwaterloo.ca

mbarbout@uwaterloo.ca

ahtraino@uwaterloo.ca

nnjuthan@uwaterloo.ca

helshaye@uwaterloo.ca

Problem Statement

Specific Objectives

1. Supply 10% Demand over

regular operation2. Supply 90%

Demand over 2-day blackout

Why? With What?

Process Flow Diagram

Modeling Approach

Step 1: Pre-Processing PhaseSiting

Canada’s Microgrids• Bella Coola• Hartley Bay• Balzac, Alberta

Cornwall, Ontario• Food distribution

centre• Climate• Rural

Step 1: Pre-Processing Phase Microgrid Demand Data

Electrical Demand

Hydrogen Demand

Electrical demand:• Food distribution centre• Logistics centres• Residential Area

Hydrogen demand:• Forklifts• Residential FCVs

Maximum demand:• Electrical ( 5.31 MW )• Hydrogen ( 19.77

kg/day )

Step 1: Pre-Processing Phase Climate Condition Data

Solar Irradiation

Wind Speed

Temperature

Power Coefficient

PV Efficiency

Range: 0.80 kW/m2

Average: 0.16 kW/m2

Range: 26.76 m/sAverage: 5.80 m/s

Range: 0.032Average: 0.15

Range: 0.49Average: 0.38

Range: 42.91 ºCAverage: 8.79 ºC

Step 1: Pre-Processing Phase Infrastructure & Equipment

System Component Supplier SpecificationPower Generation Wind Turbine Enercon 800 kW

PV Solar Cell Canadian Solar 0.191 kW/Cell

Refueling Station

Electrolyzer Hydrogenics 1 MWPre-storage Compressor Fluitron Discharge - 430 bar

Storage Tanks CP Industries 21.3 kg – 430 barBooster Compressor HydroPac Discharge – 875 barDispensing Station Two-Hose Dispenser1 875 bar

Backup Power System

Pre-storage Compressor RIX Industries Discharge – 310 bar

Storage Tank (Fabricated) – ASME Steel 89 kg – 172 bar

Fuel Cell Hydrogenics 1 MWElectrolyzer Hydrogenics 1 MW

Vehicle-To-Grid Charger & Parking Spot AC Propulsions Inc. 20 kW

Step 2: Design Phase

Simulation• Yearly energy supply/demand• Simulation with GAMs

Optimization• Case Specific Criteria• List of technologies &

Infrastructure• Economic Objective

Solution• Optimal number of each

component• Electrolysers• Fuel Cells• Wind and Solar modules

Step 3: Post-Processing PhaseCases I & II

Case 1: No V2G - $45.9 M

Case 2: Implementing V2G - $41.2 M

• 4 Fuel Cells required• 42% Total Cost

• 3 Fuel Cells required• 35% Total Cost

Step 3: Post-Processing PhaseCost Analysis for Case II

Cost Optimization

Scenario

Case

Total CostUSD

Economic OffsetUSD

Environmental offset

USD

Net Present ValueUSD

1 1 44,669,928 78,349 - (35,595,326)

2 2 40,017,432 78,349 - (30,942,829)

… … … … … …

12 2 40,017,432 2,810,109 47,343 (3,657,189)

Fixed feed in tariff price Sell excess hydrogen Premium selling price

during emergency scenarios

Step 3: Post-Processing PhaseRoot Cause Analysis

Overall cost with V2G: $41.2 millionRequired number of fuel cells exaggerated during

worst part of blackout simulation

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

1

2

3

Fuel Cells Required for 48-Hour Emergency Energy Back-up

Time (hr)Num

ber

of F

uel C

ellsCost of one Fuel Cell:

$4.7 M

Site Layout

Design of Hydrogen Infrastructure

Final Design Image

Jonathan Ranisaujranisau@uwaterloo.caMohammed Barboutimbarbout@uwaterloo.caAaron Trainorahtraino@uwaterloo.ca

Prof. Fowler mfowler@uwaterloo.caDr. Azadeh MaroufMashatazadeh.maroufmashat@uwaterloo.caUshnik Mukherjeeu3mukherjee@uwaterloo.ca

Nidhi Juthaninnjuthan@uwaterloo.caHadi El-ShayebHelshaye@uwaterloo.ca

AcknowledgementsSpecial thanks to:Prof. FowlerDr. Azadeh MaroufmashatUshnik MukherjeeVera Medici