Post on 13-Apr-2017
HYBRIDIZATION
PRESENTED BY-Mohd. Ghulam Moinuddin
“Structure of Carbon and Carbon Nanoparticles”
SERL
Jamia Millia Islamia Central University India
OBJECTIVES
• HYBRIDIZATION• ATOM STUCTURE AND ATOMIC
BONDING• CHEMICAL BONDING • HYBBRIDIZED ATOMIC SUCTURES• DIFFERENT HYBRIDIZATION IN
CARBON AND IT’S ALLOTROPS
After the discussion
We will able to understand-• What is atomic configuration.
Bohr’s approach and quantum approach• Chemical bonding• Hybridization & need of its• Hybridization in Carbon atom in different
types• Carbon allotrops
Hybridization
What is Hybriidization?A hybrid occurs when two things are combined
and the result has characteristics of both.During chemical bonding, different atomic
orbital's undergo hybridization to minimize the energy level &
Increase the stability.
ATOMIC SRUCTURE
What is the smallest particle of the element gold (Au) that can still be classified as gold?
atom molecule neutron proton
e-1
Proton Neutron Electron
The Atom
Nucleus
Electron shell / Electron cloud
Electron shell & Hygenberg’s uncertainty principle
nodeBohr’s atomic model
Carbon C6
Before Carbon lets have a look
BeCl2 is linear but H2O is in bend shap-Be-2,2 has only 2 electron in valance band O-2,6 has 6 electron in valance band and 2
unpair electron to take part..
HOW…….
Geometry of moleculesVSEPR Theory-Valence shell electron pair repulsion theoryAttraction increases the stability and
repulsion decreases it.water- H2O H---O----H
Linear model
Orbital Aproch• Concept of Molecular Orbital Theory(MOT)Quantum approach of electron delocalization.
Till now we considered the electron as particle but Hygenberg said it can be only define by wave nature.
How it’s possible that any physical orbital can be immerge?
It will leave its parental properties…
Overlapping and hybridization
• Overlapping is the structural while Hybridization is energy band combination.
• Overlapping (Head-on-Head)ỽ (Side by Side)ỻ Hydrogen molecules-
Carbon • Atomic Configuration-C6 - 2,4 [He]2s22p2
The carbon atom has four valence electrons.According to bonding theory outer p orbital
has only 2 valance electron. unstable spin of
electron causes to chemical bonding
2s
2p
Is it Correct??
?
No! All 4 electron are in excited stage
Hybridization in Carbon Nano Structures (0D,1D, 2D,3D)
0D fullerene C60 1D CNT 2D Graphene
sp2
Diamond-Diamond is allotrope of carbon and it contains sp3 hybridization
sp3
Summery of hybridized orbital
Thank you……..
Special thanks to fppt.com for ppt templates.