HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH

Report of Jamaica Olazo

“the power of population

growth is greater than the power

of Earth to produce

subsistence.”

Thomas MalthusR

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BASIC CONCEPTS of Population Growth

Biosphereall life on Earth

Population: all members of a single species living in a given time and place and actually or potentially interbreeding.

Species: all individuals that are capable of interbreeding and is made up of populations.

Ecosystem: all the interacting populations in a given time and place.

Communities: all the organisms and their non-living environment in a defined area.

BASIC CONCEPTS of Population Growth

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Sex Ratio and Age Distribution– together they tell how a population will grow.

Sex Ratio – relative number of males and females in a population.

Age Distribution – number of individuals of each age in a population.

BASIC CONCEPTS of Population Growth

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DEMOGRAPHY– study of populations, their characteristics and changes.

study population size; density and distribution; age structure; sex ratio; Birth rate; Death rate; Immigration and

emigration rates

Demographers

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Three Technological Eras

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1B

2B

3B

4B

5B

6B

7B

Affecting

Population Size HUMANFACTORS

Report of Jamaica Olazo

1. Change in population size

= (births – deaths) + (immigrants – emigrants)

Affecting

Population Size HUMANFACTORS

POPULATIONMOVEMENTS

POPULATION MOVEMENTS

Migration

– permanent change of residence of a person or group.

Emigration – movement of people out of a country.

Immigration – movement of people into a country.

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Push factors1. No job opportunities; 2. Poverty;3. War; and 4. Environmental disasters

Circumstances in the country or origin that lead people to emigrate.

Pull factors1. Economic opportunity;2. Political freedom; and

(i.e. Democracy)

3. Better standards of living

Conditions in the destination country that make emigration attractive.

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1. Change in population size

= (births – deaths) + (immigrants – emigrants)

2. (Crude) Birth rate - the number of individuals born during a specified time interval.

Affecting

Population Size HUMANFACTORS

Natural increase – when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, more people are being born than are dying so the population grows.

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3. (Crude) Death rate - the number of individuals who die during a specified time interval.

Affecting

Population Size HUMANFACTORS

Natural decrease – when the death rate is higher than the birth rate.

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Demographic Transition Model- is an important factor in population growth.

4. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) – the average number of children a woman has during her reproductive years.

– Biotic potential: the maximum rate at which a population could increase when birth rate is maximal and death rate minimal.

5. Replacement Fertility - number of children needed to replace everyone in the population.

Zero Population Growth: • birth rate = death rate.

Affecting

Population Size HUMANFACTORS

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Demographics Profile 2013Philippines

(as of July 2013)Worldwide

(as of July 2013)

Population 7.2 billionGrowth Rate 1.84% 1.095%

Birth Rate 24.62 births/1,000 18.9 births/1,000 population

Death Rate 4.95 deaths/1,000 7.9 deaths/1,000 population

Fertility rate 3.1 children born/woman 2.45 children born/woman

Infant mortality rate

total: 18.19 deaths/1,000 live births

total:37.61 deaths/1,000 live births

Maternal mortality rate

99 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

People living with HIV/AIDS

8,700 (2009 est.) 33.3 million (2009 est.)

Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/

Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/

Philippine time: 2:24:45

TOTAL FERTILITYRatesBirth

FACTORS AFFECTING

1.Children in labor forceTOTAL

FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING

Birth

1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children

TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING

Birth

1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization

TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING

Birth

1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women

TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING

Birth

1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women5.Infant mortality rate

TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING

Birth

1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women5.Infant mortality rate6.Population’s religious beliefs, customs and traditions

TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING

Birth

1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women5.Infant mortality rate6.Populations religious beliefs, customs and traditions7.Average marrying age

TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING

Birth

1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women5.Infant mortality rate6.Populations religious beliefs, customs and traditions7.Average marrying age8.Availability of birth control and abortions

TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING

Birth

MEGACITIES

MEGACITIES

As of 2013, there are 24 megacities in existence according to the Population Reference Bureau.

- is usually defined as a metropolitan area with a total population in excess

of ten million people.

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MEGACITIES

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ME

GA

CIT

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Rank Megacity Country Population

1 Tokyo  Japan 34,800,000

2 Guangzhou  China 31,700,000

3 Shanghai  China 28,900,000

4 Jakarta  Indonesia 26,400,000

5 Seoul  South Korea 25,800,000

6 Delhi (India)  India 24,000,000

7 Mexico City  Mexico 23,800,000

8 Karach  Pakistan 23,500,000

9 Manila  Philippines 22,200,000

10 New York City  United States 21,600,000

11 São Paulo  Brazil 21,600,000

12 Mumbai  India 21,400,000

13 Beijing  China 19,300,000

14 Los Angeles  United States 17,200,000

15 Osaka  Japan 16,800,000

16 Dhaka  Bangladesh 16,300,000

17 Cairo  Egypt 16,100,000

18 Kolkata  India 16,000,000

19 London United Kingdom

15,500,000

20 Buenos Aires  Argentina 14,500,000

21 Bangkok  Thailand 14,500,000

22 Istanbul  Turkey 14 160 467

23 Lagos  Nigeria 13,200,000

24 Tehran  Iran 13,200,000

Comparisons

TRENDPopulation

EX

TR

EM

E

PO

VE

RT

Y

Poor Rich

1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B

$100$10$1

Riches can reach me! -Moon

Poor Rich1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B

EX

TR

EM

E

PO

VE

RT

Y

What percent of adults in the world today are literate?

25% 45% 65% 75%

Imma winner baby!

75%

Poor Rich1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B

EX

TR

EM

E

PO

VE

RT

Y

Buy more!!!

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1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B

CFC Emission50%

25%

16%

9%4%1%

Hello!I’m 100%

FOSSIL FUEL

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Low infant mortality rate

Life expectancy of 77 years

Total fertility rate = 2.0

Per capita GDP = $36,110

Comparisons

TRENDPOPULATION

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

High infant mortality rate

Life expectancy of 52 years

Total fertility rate = 5.7

Per capita GDP = $800

Developing Countries- also called a less-developed country (LDC),is a nation with a lower living standard, underdeveloped industrial base.

Developed Countries- is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

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THE WEALTH GAP AND POPULATION GROWTH CAUSE CONFLICT

The stark contrast between affluent and poor societies causes social and environmental stress.* The richest 20% use 86% of the world’s resources* Leaves 14% of the resources for 80% of the world’s people to share* Tensions between “haves” and “have-not’s” are increasing

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Major Social Factor Determining Family Size is the ROLE OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY

• Early marriages foster high fertility rates.

• Lack of education opportunities for women reduces their options.

• When level of education increases, fertility rates fall.

• The most important factor is the ability of women to control the size of their family.

• Access to birth control is key

ISSUESPOPULATIONHUMAN

CAGE PEOPLE IN HONGKONG

Cage home refers to a type of residence that is big enough for one bunk bed and surrounded by a metal cage.

In 2007, there were approximately 53,200 people living in caged homes.

PROBLEMSSafetyUnhygienicLimited SpacePsychological welfare

A TRIP TO INDIA

Home to 17 per cent of all people in the world.

of Urban SprawlUndesirable Impacts

Lost of crop lands, forest lands, and Wet lands

Undesirable ImpactsOf Human Sprawl

Fragmenting fish and wildlife habitats.

Undesirable ImpactsOf Human Sprawl

Increased impervious surfaces means more flooding.

Undesirable ImpactsOf Human Sprawl

And a larger ecological footprint

Benefit is all a matter of one’sPerspective...

Cutting Global Population Growth

• Family planning• Improve health care• Elevate the status of

women• Increase education• Involve men in parenting• Reduce poverty• Sustainability• Equal distribution of

wealth

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