Post on 02-Feb-2016
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Human Evolution II
Paranthropus aethiopicus
• The “Black Skull”
• West Turkana, Kenya, 2.5mya
• Brain size = 410cc
Paranthropus robustus
• Swartkrans, South Africa
• 1mya
• Brain size = 500cc
Paranthropus boisei
• OH5
• “Zinj”
• Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
• 2.1-1.7mya
• Brain size = 500cc
Homo habilis from South Africa and Olduvai Gorge
• Brain = 600cc
Homo habilis KNM-ER 1813
Koobi Fora, Kenya, 1.8-
1.6myaBrain = 510cc
Kenyanthropus platyops and KNM-ER 1470, Homo rudolfensis
Dmanisi, Georgia - 1.75mya
Science, 5 July 2002
The Nariokotome Boy
(“Turkana Boy”)WT150001.6mya
Adult brain size would have been
909cc
Achievements of H. erectus
• Increased body size and more efficient bipedalism.
• Embraced culture as a strategy of adaptation.• Brain was reshaped and increased in size to
within H. sapiens range.• Efficient scavenger and hunter with greater
dependence on meat.• Evolution of the human nose!
Homo erectus from Java Brain size 813-1,059cc
Sangiran, 1.6mya
Homo erectus from Java
Zhoukoudian Homo erectus
Advantages of Use of Fire
• Warmth.• Cooking.• Fire-
hardening wood.
• Aiding in the production of stone tools.
• Chasing predators from caves.
• Illuminating caves and extending usable light into the night.