Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

H2 High Pressure On-Board Storage Considering Safety Issues

André Vieira Hugo Faria Rui de Oliveira Nuno Correia António T. Marques

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Contents

• Introduction

• Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage

• On-line Monitoring Systems

• Conclusions

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Introduction

• create a knowledge based platform for H2 economy

• production > storage > logistics > utilization

• prototyping vessels for high-pressure gaseous storage of H2

http://www.h2eden.com

Portuguese EDEN Project

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Introduction

• composite materials

Know-how on pressure vessels development

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Introduction

• composite materials

• numerical modelling

Know-how on pressure vessels development

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Introduction

• composite materials

• numerical modelling

• filament-winding technologies

Know-how on pressure vessels development

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Introduction

• composite materials

• numerical modelling

• filament-winding technologies

• vessels prototyping and manufacture

Know-how on pressure vessels development

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Introduction

• direct strain measurement (strain gauges)

• acoustic emission

• optical fibre’s sensors

Know-how on monitoring systems

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage

• gaseous storage

• no specific studies on thermal environment

• high pressure storage conditions (up to 700bar)

• need of validated design methodology

• materials permeability to H2 molecules

• steel or aluminium liners or inner covers

• reliability of these vessels for mid-term applications

Main Concerns

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage

steel liner pattern calculation/generation

200bar Prototype

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage

CAD model meshed model FEM analysis

200bar Prototype

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage

part manufacture 26 litres prototype

200bar Prototype

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

On-line Monitoring Systems

• embedment capability on composite reinforcement

• able to support processing conditions (temperature and pressure

• miniaturization to induce low stress concentration

• no degradation during service (corrosion, etc)

• monitoring strains (3%) at low frequency

• monitoring damage (AE events) at high frequency (20 kHz-1MHz)

• periodic evaluation of damage by measuring sound propagation

Sensors Requests

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

• monitoring of strain and temperature

• embedment capability

• multiplexing ability

• immune to electric and magnetic fields

• simplicity of interrogation scheme

• small maximum allowable

strain (for glass fiber)

ΛB

Emitted broad band light

Back reflected narrow band light

Transmitted light

2B eff Bn Bragg condition λB – central wavelength of reflected light

neff – effective refractive index ΛB – grating structure period

Bz H F T

BK T K T

Kε, KT – strain and temperature sensitivity

εz – axial strain

αH, αF – thermal expansion of host and fiberΔT – temperature variation

On-line Monitoring Systems FBG Sensors

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

• sensitive to transient phenomenon (AE)

• embedment capability

• no Multiplexing ability

• immune to electric and magnetic fields

• complexity of interrogation scheme

• small maximum allowable strain

Capillary tube AdhesiveOptical fiber

On-line Monitoring Systems EFPI Sensors

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

• embedment capability

• don’t allow quasi-static measuring of strain

• no Multiplexing ability

• sensitive to electric and magnetic fields

• complexity of interrogation scheme (amplification needed)

On-line Monitoring Systems Piezoelectric Sensors

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

• embedment capability

• allow quasi-static measuring of strain

• no Multiplexing ability

• sensitive to electric and magnetic fields

• flexibility dependent of the support used

On-line Monitoring Systems Piezoresistive Sensors

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Conclusions

• EDEN project is developing regional competences preparing for the H2 economy

• high pressure gaseous storage is only one of the work packages

• the main challenge for the composite materials sub-group will be to pass from its experience on user-friendly fluids to H2

• the experience in on-line monitoring systems will allow us to develop cheaper prototypes both in terms of burst test criteria and daily operating safety issues

Hugo Faria | 11th September 2007

Thank you for your attention