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Title

Peter LubbersSenior Director, Technical Communication

Kaazing

HTML5: The Next Internet Gold Rush(HTML5 and its impact on technical communication)

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About @peterlubbers

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Not to Be Confused With…

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Agenda

• HTML5 History (The 2-Minute Version)• HTML5 Vision• HTML5 Feature Areas

and their impact onTechnical Communication

• Q&A

#stc@peterlubbers

#html5

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Word on the Street…

"The world is moving to HTML5"—Steve Jobs, Apple

"The Web has not seen this level of transformation, this level of acceleration, in the past ten years… we're betting big on HTML5"—Vic Gundotra, VP of Engineering, Google

“If you want to do something universal, there is no question, the world is going HTML5. That is clear...The world is just pushing down this HTML5 path and so are we.—Steve Ballmer, CEO Microsoft

"I had no idea there was so much HTML5 already in play"—Tim O'Reilly

"HTML5’s impact on Tech Com will be bigger than DITA"—Peter Lubbers

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HTML5 Feature Areas

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HTML Timeline

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HTML (1.0)

• 1991: HTML Tags Specification• 1993: First HTML Specification (IETF)• First spec ~41 Pages Long

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HTML 2.0, 3.0

• 1995: HTML 2.0 (IETF)• 1995: HTML 3 Proposed and Abandoned

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HTML 3.2, 4.0

1997: HTML 3.2 (W3C)

1997: HTML 4.0 (W3C)

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HTML 4.01, XHTML, Web 2.0

1999: HTML 4.01

2000: XHTML 1.0

2001: Last 4.01 Errata

2001: XHTML 1.1

2004: Web 2.0

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HTML5

• 2004: WHATWG (Web Apps 1.0)• 2008: HTML5 Working Draft W3C• 2009: XHTML 2.0 Dropped

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HTML5

• OK, so it’s not quite ready…• May 24 2011: Working Draft Last Call• 2012: Candidate Recommendation• 2022: Proposed Recommendation• Lots of feature support already• caniuse.com• html5test.com

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HTML5 Design Principles

The HTML5 logo is attributed to the W3C. http://www.w3.org/html/logo/

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Compatibility

• Pave the cow paths• Degrade gracefully• Research common

behavior, solve realproblems

• Support existing content

• Evolution not revolution• Don't reinvent the wheel

(or at least make a better one!)

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Utility

• Priority of Constituencies:• When in doubt…

value users over authors, over implementers (browsers) over specifiers (W3C/WHATWG)over theoretical purity

• Secure by design• DOM consistency• Separation of presentation and content (Use CSS)

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Interoperability

• Specify well-defined behavior• Specific instead of vague• Specification now >900 pages!

• Handle errors well• Improved and ambitious error

handling plans• Prefer graceful error recovery to

hard failure

• Avoid needless complexity

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Universal Access

• Support for all world languages• For example, <ruby>

(Ruby annotations, used in East Asian typography)

• Accessibility • Support users with disabilities

• For example, screen readers

• Web Accessibility Initiative for Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA)

• WAI-ARIA roles can be added today

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A Plugin-Free Paradigm

• HTML5 provides native support for many features that were possible only with plugins or complex hacks (audio/video, drawing, sockets)

• Problems with plugins:• Plugins may be disabled, blocked (iPad does not ship

with Flash plugin), or not installed• Plugins are a separate attack vector• Plugins are difficult to integrate with the rest of an

HTML document (plugin boundaries, clipping, and transparency issues)

• “Whenever a Mac crashes, more often that not is because of Flash” —Steve Jobs

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HTML5, Meet Tech Com

• HTML5 impact on Technical Communication may be bigger than DITA

• Specific benefits in all feature areas

• Widespread adoption is around the corner, so it is time to start planning and using it

• Many HTML5 features can be used today

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Browser Support

• Modern browsers already support a lot of features, including mobile browsers

• Support varies widely for different features• Internet Explorer 6,7 and 8 have very little support• Use support matrix at http://caniuse.com

• Use feature detection and polyfills to bridge the gaps• Modernizr• HTML5 Boilerplate

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Semantic Markup & Microdata

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Valid HTML vs. Valid XHTML

• So you created XHTML…

• But did you know that:• Over 90% of XHTML is delivered with the text/html

mime type and therefore broken• Delivering XHTML as text/xml orapplication/xhtml+xml is risky (not supported in old IE)

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Valid HTML vs. Valid XHTML

• Use HTML5 and create valid HTML• http://html5.validator.nu/• http://validator.w3.org

• HTML5 allows XML syntax from XHTML 1.0 for backward compatibility• For example: <br />

• HTML5 has well-definedprocessing rules

• Simple is better• New doctype• Character set

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Simplified Doctype

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

HTML5

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML4/XHTML• HTML 4.01 Strict• HTML 4.01 Transitional• HTML 4.01 Frameset• XHTML 1.0 Strict• XHTML 1.0 Transitional• XHTML 1.0 Frameset• XHTML 1.1

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Simplified Character Set

HTML4

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

HTML5

<meta charset=utf-8>

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Minimal HTML5 Page

HTML5

<!DOCTYPE html> <meta charset=utf-8> <title>HTML5</title> <h1>HTML5!</h1>

DOM

70 characters!

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<nav>

<header>

<canvas>

<ruby>

<article>

<video>

<audio>

<command>

<hgroup>

<dialog><details><datalist>

<footer><figure><embed>

<keygen> <mark>

<output>

<meter>

<section>

<source>

New HTML5 Elements

<aside>

<rp><rt>

http://dev.w3.org/html5/markup/elements.html#elements

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<s> <strike>

<big>

<acronym>

<basefont>

<center>

<frame>

<font><dir>

<noframes>

<frameset>

<tt>

<u>

Obsolete Elements

<applet>

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Framesets

• That’s right! Frames are deprecated• Should continue to work in most browsers, but

look for alternatives• Frames are used heavily in:

• Online Help systems• API documentation

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Semantic Markup Benefits

• Based on research (Opera, Google studies on commonly used div class and id names)

• Cleaner, less verbose markup (replace div and span elements with meaningful elements)

• Machine readable:• Search engines• Syndication

• Linking and sharing

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" manifest="offline.appcache"> <head> <meta charset=utf-8> <title>HTML5</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="html5.css"> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src=”js/html5.js"></script> <![endif]--> </head>

Anatomy of an HTML5 Page

HTML #1

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HTML

<body> <header> <h1>Header</h1> </header> <div id="container"> <nav> <h3>Nav</h3> </nav>

#2

Anatomy of an HTML5 Page

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<section> <article> <header> <h1>Article Header</h1> </header>

<p>Lorem ipsum <mark>HTML5</mark> rocks…</p> <footer> <h2>Article Footer</h2> </footer> </article>

#3HTML

Anatomy of an HTML5 Page

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<article> <header><h1>Article Header</h1></header> <figure> <figcaption>Lake Tahoe</figcaption> <img src="tahoe.png"

width="160" height=”100" alt="Lake Tahoe"> </figure> <footer><p>footer</p></footer> </article></section>

#4HTML

Anatomy of an HTML5 Page

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HTML

<aside> <h3>Aside</h3> </aside> <footer> <h2><small>Footer</small></h2> </footer> </div>

<script src=”js/jquery-1.6.2-min.js"></script> </body></html>

#5

Anatomy of an HTML5 Page

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Anatomy of an HTML5 Page

#6

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#7

Anatomy of an HTML5 Page

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I.E. <9

Anatomy of an HTML5 Page

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HTML

<!-- Progressive Information Disclosure --><details> <summary>What are my download options?<summary> <ul> <li><strong>Base:</strong> Contains a minimal

download...</li> <li><strong>Full:</strong> Contains the Base

download plus documentation and demos.</li></ul>

</details> http://code.google.com/p/html5shiv/

details element

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Progressive Info. Disclosure

http://tech.kaazing.com/documentation/html5/setup-guide.html

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Microdata

• Emphasis on machine readability• SEO advantages• Use Microdata embed machine-readable data in

HTML documents • Easy-to-write syntax (add to any element)• Compatible with other data formats such as

RDF and JSON• Use microdata vocabularies:

http://data-vocabulary.org

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<section itemscope> <article id="html5-fast-track" itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Product"> <header> <h1 itemprop="name”>HTML5 Fast Track</h1> </header> <p itemprop="description">The HTML5 Fast Track training course is a two day experience... </p> </article></section>

HTML

HTML5 Microdata Example

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Microdata Testing

http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets

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HTML5 Forms

• New form functionality:• No JavaScript required• Native date and color pickers• Search, e-mail, web address• Client side validation• Spin boxes and sliders

• Features degrade gracefully (unknown input types are treated as text)

• Benefits:• Virtual keyboard support• Native widgets and error messages are internationalized

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<form> <p><label for="phone">Telephone number:</label> <input type=tel placeholder="(xxx) xxx-xxx" required></p> <p><label for="emailaddress">E-mail address:</label> <input id="emailaddress" name="emailaddress" type=email required></p> <p><label for="dob">DOB:</label><input id="dob” name="dob” type=date value=1944-06-06 max=1992-05-01></p> <p><label for="color">Shirt Color:</label> <input id="color" name="color" type="color"></p>

HTML

Example HTML5 Form

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Forms features

Date picker

Color picker

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CSS3

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CSS Level 3

• Modularized for easier browser uptake• Almost 50 modules (readiness varies)• Use browser-specific prefixes until finalized• Dramatically improves performance• Examples:

• Border radius (rounded corners) without images

• Gradients• Multi-column layout• Transformations and transitions• Web Fonts• Media Queries

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Rounded corners

a:hover img {border-radius: 10px;border: 2px solid #F47D31;-webkit-transform: scale(1.05);

}

CSS

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<html><head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Tangerine"> <style> h1 { font-family: 'Tangerine', serif; font-size: 48px; } </style></head><body><h1>Making the Web Beautiful!</h1></body>

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HTML

Web Fonts

http://code.google.com/apis/webfonts/docs/getting_started.html#Quick_Start

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Media Queries

/* Media-specific sections of stylesheet */

@media all and (orientation:landscape) { /* e.g. rotated smartphone */ }

@media screen and (max-device-width: 480px) { /* small screen */ }

@media print { /* drop navigation elements that make no sense on paper */ nav { visibility:hidden; }}

CSS

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Multimedia

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HTML5 Audio and Video

• New HTML5 media elements• <audio> and <video>

• Native audio and video (no plugins required)• Programmable with JavaScript• Style with CSS

• Add videos and audio as if it was an image• Codec support varies, but multiple

source elements and fallback content can be used

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HTML

//Basic Video<video controls src=”goldrush.mp4"> A movie about HTML5</video>

// Video with additional attributes<video id="movies" controls preload="metadata" width="400px" height="300px" poster="html5.png" > <source src="goldrush.webm"> <source src="goldrush.mp4"> <track label="English" kind="subtitles" srclang="en" src="subtitles_en.vtt"> A movie by Rocky Lubbers</video>

HTML5 Video Example

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<!—Multiple videos with alternate Flash content--><video controls> <source src=”goldrush.webm"> <source src=”goldrush.mp4”> <track label="English" kind="subtitles" srclang="en" src="subtitles_en.vtt"> <object data="videoplayer.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"> <param name="movie" value="rocpoc.swf"/> A movie by Rocky Lubbers </object> </video>

HTML

Flash Video Fallback

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WebVTT

WEBVTT

100:00:01,000 --> 00:00:03,050What do I think about HTML 5?...

200:00:04,000 --> 00:00:07,100It’s the next big thing! I just hope that people use the new features thoughtfully.

WebVTT (Video Accessibility)

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Graphics and 3D

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HTML5 Canvas and SVG

• Provide native drawing functionality• Previously possible only with plugins

(Flash, Silverlight)

• Completely integrated into HTML5 documents (part of DOM)• Can be styled with CSS• Can be controlled with JavaScript

• Use for animation, charts, images,pixel manipulation, and so on

• Canvas supports 2D and 3D (WebGL)• Will impact animated graphics and

diagrams soon (use libraries)

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Canvas Animation

Demo courtesy Gary Davis, AniWorx

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Device Access

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Device Access Features

• Geolocation• Allows users to share their location

for location-aware services• Implemented in all browsers

• Drag and Drop• Filesystem API• Speech Input• Device orientation (accelerometer)• Webcam (bar code, QR code scanning)• Audio devices (speech input)

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Speech Input

http://slides.html5rocks.com/#speech-input

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Drag and Drop

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Performance

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Web Workers & Performance

• HTML5 Web Workers provide background processing capabilities to web applications• Run background JavaScript

• Important performance tips:• CSS3• Sprites (combine images)• Minification• Data URIs

• Data URIs• Use for frequently used,

small images, such as warnings or logos

• Test with optimization tools (Yslow, Page Speed)

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<img src="data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhEAAOALMAAOazToeHh0tLS/7LZv/0jvb29t/f3//Ub//ge8WSLf/rhf/3kdbW1mxsbP//mf///yH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAQAA4AAARe8L1Ekyky67QZ1hLnjM5UUde0ECwLJoExKcppV0aCcGCmTIHEIUEqjgaORCMxIC6e0CcguWw6aFjsVMkkIr7g77ZKPJjPZqIyd7sJAgVGoEGv2xsBxqNgYPj/gAwXEQA7" width="16" height="14" alt="embedded folder icon">

HTML

Data URI Example

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Offline and Storage

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Offline Web Applications

• Use complete web sites (documentation sets) in offline mode

• Cache pages that have not been visited yet• Browsers cache data in an Application Cache• HTML5 allows online and offline detection• Allows prefetching of

site resources (can speed up pages)

• Simple manifest mechanism

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CACHE MANIFEST# manifest version 1.0.1 # Files to cacheindex.htmlcache.htmlhtml5.cssimage1.jpgimg/foo.gifhttp://www.example.com/styles.css

# Use from network if availableNETWORK:network.html

# Fallback contentFALLBACK:/ fallback.html

appcache File

Example appcache File

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<!DOCTYPE html><html manifest="offline.appcache"> <head> <title>HTML5 Application Cache Rocks!</title>

HTML

• Reference the manifest file:• Use .appcache extension (*.manifest also allowed)• Add as attribute to HTML element

Example manifest Attribute

http://appcachefacts.info/

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Web and DB Storage

Cookies Session Local Database

• Many powerful new client-side storage options• Web and Web Database storage a.k.a.

"cookies on steroids”• Web Storage (Session and Local Storage• Web Database Storage

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Connectivity and Real Time

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Connectivity Features

• Cross Document Messaging• XMLHttpRequest Level 2• Server-Sent Events• WebSockets• CORS

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WebSockets

• New W3C API and IETF Protocol for low-latency, real-time, bi-directional connections

• Easily add social networking components(Chat, etc.) and real-time data to static pages

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Questions?

• Now or Later• E-mail: peter.lubbers@kaazing.com• Twitter: @peterlubbers• LinkedIn: Peter Lubbers

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Buy the Book!

• Pro HTML5 Programming (Apress, 2010)• 50% off e-book coupon code:

5BY5APRESShttp://www.prohtml5.com

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Useful HTML5 Resources

• Modernizr• Small, simple JavaScript library that checks

support for HTML5 and CSS3 features• Moves away from user-agent sniffing and uses

feature detection insteadhttp://www.modernizr.com/

• html5shiv• Creates the new HTML5 DOM elements in Internet

Explorer so that styles can be applied to themhttp://code.google.com/p/html5shiv/

• html5boilerplate• http://html5boilerplate.com

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Useful HTML5 Resources

• HTML5 Validators (Experimental):• http://html5.validator.nu/• http://validator.w3.org/

• HTML5 outline algorithm test page• http://gsnedders.html5.org/outliner/

• Performance:• Chrome Speed Tracer

http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/speedtracer/ • Yslow (for Firebug)

http://developer.yahoo.com/yslow/ • Page Speed (Firefox and Chrome Add-On)

http://code.google.com/speed/page-speed/docs/using_chrome.html

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• HTML5 User Group:• San Francisco: http://www.sfhtml5.org/

• Apress book: Pro HTML5 Programming• (Peter Lubbers, Brian Albers, & Frank Salim)

http://www.prohtml5.com/

Learn More

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Get Trained!

• Proven, practical worldwide HTML5 Training (training from experts, not just trainers):• E-mail us: training@kaazing.com• Web site: http://kaazing.com/training/

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