Post on 24-Dec-2015
How to Use the SLR Camera
Yr 11 Photography
How to Use the SLR Camera
Aperture
• The size of the opening to the camera lense• Determines how much light reaches the lense• Measured in ‘f-stops’• The smaller the f-stop number the larger the
aperture• f-stop relates to the focal length (eg. 35 mm,
25mm – wide-angle lense, 80mm - telephoto)
Aperture – f-stops
f-stop = f/2.8
f-stop = f/4
f-stop = f/5.6
f-stop = f/8
f-stop = f/11
f-stop = f/16
f-stop = f/22
How to Use the SLR Camera
Shutter Speed
• Controls the amount of time light can reach the lense
• Measured in fractions of seconds eg. 1/60, 1/400, 1/1000 (action shots), 1/30 (long exposure such as night shots and motion effects)
• Like aperture a change either halves or doubles the amount of light reaching the camera
• E.g. Changing from 1/125 doubles amount of light reaching camera, changing to 1/250 halves it
How to Use the SLR Camera
Film speed (ISO)
• The ISO measures how fast light interacts with the film – the higher the number the faster
• ISO 400 is a medium “any lighting” film speed
• ISO 100 has a lower sensitivity to available light
• ISO 100 can be used in strong light conditions – it produces finer grain photos (like higher pixel in digital photography)
• Increasing ISO increases sensitivity to light (requires less well-lit subjects)
• ISO 800 is for low light conditions – photos are grainier, interesting effects can be produced by shooting well lit subjects on ISO 800 film
How to Use the SLR Camera
Combining Shutter speed, aperture and ISO
• Film speed, shutter speed and aperture are combined to produce photos with the correct ‘exposure’
• Increasing ISO requires increasing either shutter speed or aperture to let less light in
• Increasing aperture may require reducing shutter speed to prevent over-exposure
• Increasing shutter speed may require reducing aperture
How to Use the SLR Camera
Over- and under-exposure• Over-exposure – too much light
• Good exposure – correct light settings
• Under-exposed – not enough light
How to Use the SLR Camera
Depth of field
• Changing the aperture affects how much of a photo is in focus (relation to focal length)
• Higher apertures have more in focus (eg. landscape photo where everything is in focus to the horizon
• Lower apertures have one focal length in focus and the others out of focus – this is known as depth of field
• Depth of field requires altering other elements to ensure the correct exposure is still achieved
How to Use the SLR Camera
Bracketing
• Bracketing involves taking a photo at the correct light
• Taking another by halving the light (either increase shutter speed or decrease aperture)
• Taking another by doubling the light reaching the film (decrease shutter speed or increase aperture)
How to Use the SLR Camera
Settings for today
• Shutter speed = 1/60• Aperture = f/8 then f/4 then f/16 (bracketing)• ISO 400