Post on 25-Jan-2017
Why do we sleep
3 psychological theories of sleep: Restorative/repair
• Increased cell division & protein synthesis
• Flushing out of waste toxins from the brain
Evolutionary / Adaptive / Homeostatic
• Avoiding predators
Memory consolidation
• Neurons activating in response to stimuli in correct order during REM sleep
• Sleep deprivation reduces short-term memory consolidation
Berger - Brain waves & EEG in Man
1953 Kleitman & Aserinsky - REM Sleep
1937 Loomis - EEG during Sleep and characterisation of Non REM sleep
1929
1957 Dement & Kleitman - Human Sleep CycleSlee
p Sc
ienc
e
A Brief History of Sleep Research
Berger - Brain waves & EEG in Man
1953 Kleitman & Aserinsky - REM Sleep
1937 Loomis - EEG during Sleep and characterisation of Non REM sleep
1929
1957 Dement & Kleitman - Human Sleep CycleSlee
p Sc
ienc
e
A Brief History of Sleep Research
1999
1963 Light & suppressing melatonin
1999 Melanopsin ganglion cells
Intrinsic circadian period 24.2 hrs
1971 Retino-hypothalamic tract
Slee
p B
iolo
gy
A Brief History of Sleep Research
Berger - Brain waves & EEG in Man
1953 Kleitman & Aserinsky - REM Sleep
1937 Loomis - EEG during Sleep and characterisation of Non REM sleep
1929
1957 Dement & Kleitman - Human Sleep CycleSlee
p Sc
ienc
e
A Brief History of Sleep ResearchTimeline
Berger - Brain waves & EEG in Man
1999
1963 Light suppresses melatonin
1999 Melanopsin ganglion cells
1953 Kleitman & Aserinsky - REM Sleep
1937 Loomis - EEG during Sleep and characterisation of Non REM sleep
1929
Intrinsic circadian period of 24.2 hrs
1971 Retino-hypothalamic tract
1957 Dement & Kleitman - Human Sleep CycleSlee
p Sc
ienc
eSl
eep
Bio
logy Sl
eep
Med
icin
e
Narcolepsy - Excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Early REM onset.
1880
Restless Leg Syndrome (up to 10%) - Severe discomfort in the legs, and jerking legs while asleep
1950s
REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder - skeletal muscle remains active during sleep. - associated to neurologic disorders (LBD, Parkinsons)
1990s
Obstructive Sleep Apnea - Upper airway constriction and resulting sleep fragmentation. 2-4% of women, men respectively.
1966
TimelineSl
eep
Bio
logy Sl
eep
Med
icin
e
Narcolepsy - Excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Early REM onset.
1880
Restless Leg Syndrome (up to 10%) - Severe discomfort in the legs, and jerking legs while asleep
1950s
REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder - skeletal muscle remains active during sleep. - associated to neurologic disorders (LBD, Parkinsons)
1990s
Obstructive Sleep Apnea - Upper airway constriction and resulting sleep fragmentation. 2-4% of women, men respectively.
1966
A Brief History of Sleep Research
7am 11pm12pm 6pm
Industrial & post-industrial era
7am 11pm12pm 6pm
Pre-industrial era
Our Sleep Routines have changed
7am 11pm12pm 6pm
Industrial & post-industrial era
7am 11pm12pm 6pm
Pre-industrial era
Our Sleep Routines have changed
Why? The ‘second sleep’