How did the Aztecs increase their farmland given their geography? (Maximize food production!!!)

¿Cómo aumentaron los aztecas sus tierras de cultivo dada su geografía? (¡Maximiza la producción de

alimentos!)

Aztec Civilization -- Spanish Conquest

4.2 Inca!

Inca Introduction Video

South America: First Civilizations! --First Cultures developed in the ‘Andean’ Region

(Along the Western edge of the continent)

Earliest Civilizations near The Andes

Thousands of years ago people settled in fishing villages along the desert coast of modern Peru and Chile

- Earliest was the ‘Chavin’- Named after for ruins at Chavin de Huantar- Around 900 B.C people built a huge temple complex- Not much known about these early people - Religious Importance based on Temple

The Moche PeopleBetween 100 AD and 700 AD

Group of people created a civilization along the dry coast of northern Peru

Skilled Farmers: Irrigation

Roads for relay runners (Adopted later by Incan Civilization)

At their city of Moche builders constructed the largest adobe structure in The Ancient Americas

The Inca!Most powerful Civilization in South America

Created in 1100s A.D

1438, Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui declared himself emperor!

Capital of Cuzco

Empire stretched more than 2,500 miles from modern Ecuador in the north to Chile in the south

Incan Empire

Emperor called ‘Sapa Inca’

Absolute Power -- Claimed to be the son of The Sun

Gold used as symbol of emperors divinity “Sweat of the Sun”

No private or personal property

Emperor would call up men to work for a few months at a time

Bureaucracy!

Uniting Their Empire-- Imposed their language, Quechua, and their religion on conquered people

-- Created one of history's greatest road networks

--14,000 miles at one point!

-- Allowed armies and news to travel quickly

Incan soilders stood guard at outposts throughout the empire

-- Ordinary people could not use the roads, government actions only

Quote

“In human memory, I believe that there is no account of a road as great as this, running through deep valleys, high mountains, banks of snow, torrents of water, living rock, and wild rivers… In all places it was clean and swept free of refuse, with lodgings, storehouses, sun temples, and posts along the route. Oh! Can anything similar be claimed for Alexander The Great or any of the other powerful kinds who ruled the world…?”

-Pedro Cieza de Leon, Spanish explorer admiring the Inca road system in the 1500s

Cuzco (Capital)

-All roads led to the capital!

-Great Temple of The Sun in the City

-Interior walls lined with gold!

-People from all the cultures

Within the empire lived here!

Inca Daily LifeClose to totalitarian state

Assigned jobs to each family

Government organized communities to ensure that men and women were settled at a certain age

Farming Terraces!

Polytheistic, gods associated with nature!

Chief god was Inti, the sun god!

Spanish end the empire…

Guns, Germs, Steel -- Spanish Conquer the Inca

Reading Questions!1) When did the Inca first appear in The Andes mountains?2) What did the Inca do to create an empire?3) How did the Inca encourage their emperors to continue expanding the

empire's territory?4) What allowed for efficient communication within the empire?5) Were the Inca Monotheistic or Polytheistic? Why?6) How did the Incan empire end?7) What would be the problem historians face given they only have outside

accounts of Incan life?

¿Cuándo apareció por primera vez el Inca en los Andes?

¿Qué hizo el Inca para crear un imperio?

¿El Inca era monoteísta o politeísta? ¿Por qué?

¿Cómo terminó el imperio Inca?

After you’re done, Complete the crossword Vocab Review Then show it to me and keep it to study!!!

Word Bank for CrosswordRepublic Tenochtitlan Olmecs

Direct Democracy Cuzco culture

Maize SocialStratification MesoAmerica

SapaInca Network

Totalitarian Chinampas

Centralized Religion

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