Housing typology

Arch 301 group A

beril ozmen mayer

House, a type of residential building

• People construct houses as dwelling-spaces for human habitation. Such dwellings generally feature enclosing walls and a roof to protect against precipitation, wind, heat, cold and intruders.

• The house often provides a permanent residence for a family or for a similar social unit.

• When occupying a house routinely as a dwelling, English-speaking people may call this building their "home". People may leave their house most of the day for work and recreation, but typically return 'home", to their house, at least for sleeping.

The two words "house" and "home" have distinctly different meanings and connotations.

• "House" refers to the physical object, "home" has a more abstract and poetic connotation as the center of family life.

• Enlisted men during World War II used the phrase "A house is not a home" — in part to justify infidelity during war-time. On the other hand, a stately home classifies as a house.

The household

• is the basic unit of analysis in many microeconomic and government models.

• The term refers to all individuals who live in the same dwelling.

• Most economic models do not address whether the members of a household are a family in the traditional sense.

• Government and policy discussions often treat the terms household and family as synonymous, especially in western societies where the nuclear family has become the most common family structure. In reality, there is not always a one-to-one relationship between households and families.

a household is defined as

• "one person or a group of people who have the accommodation as their only or main residence and for a group, either share at least one meal a day or share the living accommodation, that is, a living room or sitting room"

• In feudal or aristocratic societies, a household may include servants or retainers, whether or not they are explicitly so named. Their roles may blur the line between a family member and an employee.

Types of Single houses

• Bungalow Single story house • Colonial house: a traditional style house in the United States • Cottage: Usually refers to a small country dwelling, but

weavers' cottages are three-storied townhouses with the top floor reserved for the working quarters.

• Detached (free-standing): Any house that is completely separated from its neighbours.

• Link-detached: Adjacent detached properties which do not have a party wall, but which are linked by the garage(s) and so forming a single frontage.

• Ranch: Single story house, usually with garage and basement. • Manufactured home / Prefabricatred, a house where the main

structure is prefabricated (common after WWII). • Deck House, Custom-built post and beam homes using high-quality

woods and masonry.

• Farmhouse: Building serving as the main residence on a farm.

• Floating House house that floats in the water. • Igloo, constructed of ice • Log cabin, a house built of unsquared timbers • Mansion: Very large/expensive house

• Microhouse: Dwellings that fulfill all the requirements of habitation (shelter, sleep, cooking, heating, toilet) in a highly compact space. See external links1, 2, and 3 for examples of microhouses.

• Mobile home

• Patio home • Split-level house: A style popular in the 50's and 60's. • Semi-detached: two houses joined together, often called a "duplex" in the

USA. • Storybook Houses 1920s houses inspired by hollywood set design • Tent, usually a lightweight, moveable structure• Rowhouse: (USA); also called "terraced home (USA); also called

"townhouse"; ": 3 or more houses in a row sharing a "party" wall with its adjacent neighbour. In New York, "Brownstones" are rowhouses. Rowhouses are typically multiple stories. The term townhouse is currently coming into wider use in the UK, but terraced house (not "terraced home") is more common.

• Terraced house: Since the late 18th century is a style of housing where (generally) identical individual houses are conjoined into rows - a line of houses which abut directly on to each other built with shared party walls between dwellings whose uniform fronts and uniform height created an ensemble that was more stylish than a "rowhouse". However this is also the UK term for a "rowhouse" regardless of whether the houses are identical or not.

• Back-to-back: Terraced houses which also adjoin a second terrace to the rear. They were a common form of housing for workers during the Industrial Revolution in England.

• Treehouse A house that is built among the branches or around the trunk of one or more mature trees and does not rest on the ground.

• Townhouse: also called rowhouse (US). In the UK, a townhouse is a traditional term for an upper class house in London (in contrast with country house), and is now coming into use as a term for new terraced houses, which are often three stories tall with a garage on the ground floor.

• Shack: A small, usually rundown, wooden building. • Travel trailer (alternative to caravan in British English)

• Vernacular houses: Houses constructed in a native manner; close to nature, using the materials locally available. As far as such houses are concerned; in India these gel with the communal structuring.

• Villa

Flats / Apartments

• * Apartment: a relatively self-contained housing unit in a building which is often rented out to a family or one or more people for their exclusive use. Sometimes called a flat. Some locales have legal definitions of what constitutes an apartment.

• * Apartment building: a multi-unit dwelling made up of several (generally four or more) apartments.

• * Apartment tower, block of flats or tower block: a high-rise apartment building

• * Duplex: Two separate residences, usually side-by-side, but sometimes on two different floors. The former often looks like two houses put together, sharing a wall (see semi-detached); the latter usually appears as a townhouse, but with two different entrances.

• * Flat: an apartment, especially one taking up an entire floor of a house with several flats.

• * Bedsit: A UK expression for a single-roomed dwelling which usually contains very sparse furniture and is very compact in design. Literally a bed and a place to sit.

• * Condominium: a form of ownership of an individual apartment and a percentage of common areas

• * Co-op, a form of ownership in which a corporation owns the entire apartment building or development and residents own shares in the corporation that correspond to their apartment and a percentage of common areas

• Housing project, government-owned housing • Maisonette: an apartment / flat on two levels with internal stairs, or which has its own entrance at

street level. • Penthouse: The top floor of multi-story building • Tenement a multi-unit dwelling made up of several (generally four or more) apartments (i.e. an

apartment building). In the United States the connotation implies a run-down or poorly-cared-for building.

• Loft or warehouse conversion • Garage-apartment: An apartment over a garage; if the garage is attached, the apartment will

have a separate entrance from the main house. • Garalow: a portmateau word garage+bungalow; similar to a garage-apartment, but with the

apartment and garage at the same level. • Mother-in-law apartment: Small apartment either at the back or on an upper level of the main

house, usually with a separate entrance (also known as a "granny flat" in the UK and Australia). • four-plus-one: an apartment building that has four floors of apartments on top of parking. It was

particularly popular in Chicago during the 1960s and 1970s, especially on the city's north side. • triple decker: a three-family apartment house, usually of frame construction, in which all three

apartment units are stacked on top of one another. • Studio apartment: A self-contained unit with one main room, one bathroom, and some closet

space. There is no distinct bedroom in a studio: sleeping, cooking, dining, living is all done in the main room.

House density- intensive living in big cities

People living on the fringes of cities: squatters / ghettos

cosmopolit societies- mixed

communities

They are vulnerable for earthquakes,

as well

First, they came from villages, and occupied peripheries

Then, they entered the city,

conquered the seaside

They go around cities from top to down..

They fully- filled stadiums

They scrumbled the city upside down

They took everything that they have found with, to their homes..

• They could not fit their houses anymore..

• And they flooded to the streets..

• They did trade and have won lots of money

They demolished the things they did not like

And..They have built a new city..

Rural-------

• Traditional

• Vernacular

• Everyday

architecture

yemen

Senegal- an traditional setting

Agha khan awards

Shirince village – Izmir- aegean region

in turkey

• Glenn Murcutt 2002 pritzker award

g. murcutt design for more

environmentally friendly- ecological principles and

local values in his designs

Bernareggiovillas

A palace- is it a

residence?

• Tadao Ando’s 4 x 4 House

• Memorial of the Kobe eathquake

, in Kobe, Japan- 2003

It stood as a tiny concrete tower that didn’t look or act like a house,

bracketed between a busy street and the Inland Sea, didn’t even have

another home nearby. Equally unorthodox, 4 x 4 was the

product of a trendy magazine’s mail-in survey that had matched up the client, a concrete contractor, with the world-

famous architect.

Open designing- loft idea– warehouse conversion

Levent loft- istanbul

Loft kavramı 1970’lerde Amerikalı sanatçıların

mekan arayışıyla ortaya çıkan, günümüzde kentli kültürün, muteber bir yaşam tarzının yansıması olmakla kalmayan aynı zamanda çağdaş mimari için de bir referans noktası oluşturmaktadır.

Açık, sabit bölmelerle dayatılmamış, endüstriyel çağrışımlı bu mekanlar yaşam – iş - yaratıcılık işlevlerini aynı alanda çözümler, iç - dış ilişkisine bir esneklik getiriyor

Casa mila- barselonaantonio gaudi

Le corbusier• Villa savoy, paris

• Unit d’habitation -berlin

Deutsher Werkbund1907 unity of artists , architects, developers-

1925 stutgart housing exhibition-

nederland

Experimental design for new

residential areas in

Eryaman, Ankara

Mathias ungers/ berlin

germany

blocks of flats - ankarab. cinici

This is a library

building not a house? Anybody agree?

or disagree?

• Glass house- norman foster

Merih karaaslan- a housing complex -- ankara

Greenwich millenium

village

cohousing

• A cohousing community is a kind of intentional community composed of private homes with full kitchens, supplemented by extensive common facilities. A cohousing community is planned, owned and managed by the residents, groups of people who want more interaction with their neighbours. Common facilities vary but usually include a large kitchen and dining room where residents can take turns cooking for the community. Other facilities may include a laundry, pool, child care facilities, offices, internet access, game room, TV room, tool room or a gym. Through spatial design and shared social and management activities, cohousing facilitates intergenerational interaction among neighbours, for the social and practical benefits. There are also economic and environmental benefits to sharing resources, space and items.

Origins of cohousing

• The modern theory of cohousing originated in Denmark in the 1960s among groups of families who were dissatisfied with existing housing and communities that they felt did not meet their needs.

• Bodil Graae published "Children Should Have One Hundred Parents," spurring a group of 50 families to organize around a community project in 1967. Another key organizer was Jan Gudmand Høyer who drew inspiration from his architectural studies at Harvard and interaction with experimental U.S. communities of the era. He published "The Missing Link between Utopia and the Dated One-Family House" paper in 1968, converging a second group.

Cohousing

• Hundreds of cohousing communities exist in Denmark and other countries in northern Europe. There are over 80 operating communities in the United States with about 100 others in the planning phases. In Canada, there are 7 completed communities, and approximately 15 in the planning/construction process. There are also communities in Australia, the UK and other parts of the world.

• DESIGN: Because each cohousing community is planned in its context, a key feature of this model is its flexibility to the needs and values of its residents and the characteristics of the site. Cohousing can be urban, suburban or rural.

• The physical form is typically compact but varies from low-rise apartments to townhouses to clustered detached houses.

• They tend to keep cars to the periphery which promotes walking through the community and interacting with neighbors as well as increasing safety for children at play within the community.

• Shared green space is another characteristic, whether for gardening, play, or places to gather.

• When more land is available than is needed for the physical structures, the structures are usually clustered closely together, leaving as much of the land as possible "open" for shared use.

SOUTHSIDE PARK CO-HOUSING, Sacramento, California

This 25-unit housing development is located in a neighborhood that had declined drastically while

speculative developers waited to replace the houses with office buildings.

It uses the co-housing model imported from Denmark and advocated by architects Charles Durrett and

Kathryn McCamant, which requires the residents to cooperate in designing their homes and to agree to share in such activities as the preparation of dinners

for the community.

Southside Park residents' homes are grouped around shared facilities for dining, recreation,

laundry, and gardening. Low-income families or individuals occupy five of the units; six houses are

for people with moderate incomes; and 14 were sold at market rates. Some of the people who bought houses had been renters in the neighborhood.

This Sacramento townhouse development provides a wide mix of unit types

• . Pictured here are the two-bedroom model on the left in both illustrations and the four-bedroom on the right. Note how the design accommodates two distinct unit types and sizes directly next to each other, rather than segregating all the two bedrooms in one area, all the fours in another, etc.

http://www.designadvisor.org/check/check_unitlay_04.html

LYTON PARK PLACE, St. Paul, Minnesota / worked cooperatively with the non-profit organization,

Habitat for Humanity

Organization built 21 single-family homes for people with low to moderate incomes on a block just north of the state capitol.

Habitat built the other eight using volunteers and future home-owners, who each gave 350 hours of work as their sweat-equity share in the construction process.

Because some 80,000 hours were donated for the Habitat homes they sold for about half the price of Justin's union-built homes and were affordable for people with much lower incomes.

Innonative ideas

Houses--units for living Monotonous or Various types? So, diversitymatters …….

Happy end

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