Post on 27-Jun-2018
Hong Kong &
the PRD Challenges and opportunities
Hendrik Tieben, Department of Architecture, CUHK, IFoU International Summer School Delft, 14.7.2009
Hong Kong &
the PRD Challenges and opportunities
Hendrik Tieben, Department of Architecture, CUHK, IFoU International Summer School Delft, 14.7.2009
6 Zhaoqing
8 Foshan
9 Guangzhou
10 Dongguan
11 Huizhou
18 Jiangmen
19 Zhongshan
20 Zhuhai
21 Shenzhen
Hong Kong SARMacau SAR
PRD 50.2 Million
Guangdong Province
China
Hong Kong & the PRD
• Hong Kong as competitive global city
• Hong Kong SAR “2030” regional plan
• Integration of Hong Kong SAR in the Pearl River Delta
• Pan Pearl River Delta Planning in time of the global financial crisis
Hendrik Tieben, Department of Architecture, CUHK, IFoU International Summer School Delft, 14.7.2009
Hong Kong & the PRD
• Hong Kong as competitive global city
• Hong Kong SAR “2030” regional plan
• Integration of Hong Kong SAR in the Pearl River Delta
• Pan Pearl River Delta Planning in time of the global financial crisis
Hendrik Tieben, Department of Architecture, CUHK, IFoU International Summer School Delft, 14.7.2009
Global Cities/World Cities: Definition
Functional:
• Role in global urban networks
• Hub of economic command and control
• Location of international institutions
• Meeting place
Cultural: International character
Not size: Global cities vs. Megacities
Hong Kong as global city
• Regional headquarters• Financial hub• International producer services• Role of the airport• International meetings and conventions• Tourism• International immigration pattern• Multicultural character
Restructuring HK as "Global city“ (since the late 1990s)
Saskia Sassen, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1991.
International Commerce Centre (ICC) HK, 2001-2010
International Finance Centre (IFC) HK, 1997-2003
Restructuring HK as „global city“ (since the late 1990s)
CyberportHK, 1999-2008
Kowloon West Cultural District, HKOriginal design N. Foster, 2001
Restructuring HK as „global city“
Hong Kong: Challenges of the global city (Werner Breitung 2008)
• The competitiveness challenge
• The socio-cultural challenge
• The socio-economic challenge
• The land-use challenge
• The regional challenge
Hong Kong: The competitiveness challenge (Werner Breitung 2008)
• High competition between global cities e.g. Hong Kong vs. Singapore e.g. Hong Kong vs. Shanghai
• Governments see need for subsidies and especially infrastructure investment - airport - congress and exhibition venues - cultural facilities,…
• Burden on local financial resources
Hong Kong: The socio-cultural challenge (Werner Breitung 2008)
• Immigration - Expatriates - Returnees - Domestic helpers - Mainland immigrants
• Spatial segregation of sub-cultures
• Linguistic gap between global city and local work force
mainly spoken at home can be spoken
1991 1996 2001 1991 1996 2001Cantonese 88.7% 88.7% 89.2% 95.8% 95.2% 96.1%English 2.2% 3.1% 3.2% 31.6% 38.1% 43.0%Putonghua 1.1% 1.1% 0.9% 18.1% 25.3% 34.1%other Chinese 7.0% 5.8% 5.5% - - -Japanese 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 1.0% 1.2% 1.4%Filipino/Tagalog 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 1.1% 1.8% 1.9%Indonesian 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.7% 0.9% 1.3%other languages 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% - - -
Source: Census and Statistics Department 2001; - cannot be calculated from data
Hong Kong: The socio-cultural challenge (Werner Breitung 2008)
Hong Kong: The socio-economic challenge
• Growing income and wealth gap(Gini coefficient: 1971: 0.43 2001: 0.53)
• Concentration of wealthy global city immigrants
Hong Kong: The regional challenge (Werner Breitung 2008)
• Global city region
• Importance of regional back-up - Work force - Back offices - Production - Logistics, port
• Hong Kong’s regional integration is still incomplete
Hendrik Tieben, Department of Architecture, CUHK, IFoU International Summer School Delft, 14.7.2009
Hong Kong & the PRD
• Hong Kong as competitive global city
• Hong Kong SAR “2030” regional plan
• Integration of Hong Kong SAR in the Pearl River Delta
• Pan Pearl River Delta Planning in time of the global financial crisis
Hendrik Tieben, Department of Architecture, CUHK, IFoU International Summer School Delft, 14.7.2009
The vision for Hong Kong to strengthen its position as Asia’s world city was spelt out by the Commission on Strategic Development. It says in a report published in 2000:
“Hong Kong should not only be a major Chinese city, but could become the most cosmopolitan city in Asia, enjoying a status comparable to that of New York in North America and London in Europe.”
HK 2030 (2001-2007)
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
“The HK2030 Study should adhere to the principles of sustainable development to balance social, economic and environmental needs to achieve better quality of life for present and future generations.”
HK 2030 - Goals
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
1. Providing a good quality living environment by ensuring our development is undertaken with due regard to the environmental carrying capacity; enhancing the townscape; and regenerating the old urban areas.
2. Conserving the natural landscape which is of ecological, geological, scientific and other significance and preserving our cultural heritage.
HK 2030 - Planning Objectives
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
3. Enhancing Hong Kong’s hub functions by setting aside sufficient land reserves to meet the changing needs of commerce and industry; strengthening our role as a global and regional financial and business centre; strengthening our role as the international and regional trading, transportation and logistics centre; and developing further as an innovation and technology centre for Southern China.
4. Meeting housing and community needs by ensuring timely provision of adequate land and infrastructure for the development of housing and community facilities.
5. Providing a framework to develop a safe, efficient, economically viable and environmentally friendly transport system.
6. Promoting arts, culture and tourism to ensure Hong Kong will continue to be a world-class destination with unique cultural experience for visitors.
7. Strengthening links with the Mainland to cope with the rapid growth of crossboundary interaction.
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
HK 2030 - Two general options of development
Consolidation or decentralization
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
HK 2030 - Distribution of “New” Population
Base Year 2010 Up to 2020 Up to 2030
Metro Area 192,000 (49%) 321,000 (32%) 573,000 (36%)
New Towns 163,000 (42%) 491,000 (49%) 509,000 (32%)
NDAs1 - 42,000 (4%) 353,000 (22%)
Others 33,000 (9%) 153,000 (15%) 167,000 (10%)
Total 388,000 (100%) 1,007,000 (100%) 1,602,000 (100%)
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
HK 2030 - Grade A office space:
• 11.0 million m2 in GFA up to 2030
• CBD Grade A offices will account for 2.7 million m2 GFA.
• No further harbor reclamation.
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
HK 2030: Two szenarios
• Low population growth & lower economic growth
• High population growth & higher economic growth
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
HK 2030: Housing Requirements
Cumulative Housing Requirement
2010 2020 2030
RS 248,000 553,000 924,000HPGS 248,000 626,000 1,129,000
Difference +73,000 +205,000
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
1. Providing a good quality living environment by ensuring our development is undertaken with due regard to the environmental carrying capacity; enhancing the townscape; and regenerating the old urban areas.
2. Conserving the natural landscape which is of ecological, geological, scientific and other significance and preserving our cultural heritage.
HK 2030 - Planning Objectives
Source: HK 2030 Planning www.pland.gov.hk/p_study/comp_s/hk2030/
Hong Kong: Urban Renewal Authority
Strategy of the "4R" :
• Redevelopment
• Rehabilitation
• Revitalisation
• pReservation
ura.org.hk
ura.org.hk
Hong Kong: Urban Renewal Authority
“Artist Impression” of URA project
in Sai Ying Pun, HK
ura.org.hk
Hong Kong: Urban Renewal Authority
“Artist Impression” of URA project
in Sai Ying Pun, HK
Developer rendering of the approved
URA project for the same site
ura.org.hk Kerry Property
Hong Kong: Urban Renewal Authority
“Artist Impression” of URA project
in Sai Ying Pun, HK
Model of the URA project
ura.org.hk
Hong Kong & the PRD
• Hong Kong as competitive global city
• Hong Kong SAR “2030” regional plan
• Integration of Hong Kong SAR in the Pearl River Delta
• Pan Pearl River Delta Planning in time of the global financial crisis
Hendrik Tieben, Department of Architecture, CUHK, IFoU International Summer School Delft, 14.7.2009
Hong Kong Policy Changes and Initiaties
1960s From industrial city to service economy
1980s “Front Shop Back Factory” model since 1980s
1997 Handover of HK to China
1998 HK-GD Cooperation Joint Conference
2003 CEPA (Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement)
2004 HK-SZ Cooperation Conference
2006 GPRD Study
2007 Joint Task Force on Boundary District
SZ Western Corridor
Lok Ma Chau Spur Line
2008 CEPA V
Hong Kong Policy Changes and Initiaties
1960s From industrial city to service economy
1980s “Front Shop Back Factory” model since 1980s
1997 Handover of HK to China
1998 HK-GD Cooperation Joint Conference
2003 CEPA (Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement)
2004 HK-SZ Cooperation Conference
2006 GPRD Study
2007 Joint Task Force on Boundary District
SZ Western Corridor
Lok Ma Chau Spur Line
2008 CEPA V
China
Open Door Policy & Economic Reform 1978
SZ & Zhuhai Special Economic Zones 1980
PRD Costal Economic Zone 1985
“Plan for the PRD cities” 1995
“Co-ordinated dev. of the PRD Townships” 2004
Plan for the Reform and Development of the PRD
(2008-2020)
2008
Guangdong Province Pearl River Delta
6 Zhaoqing
8 Foshan
9 Guangzhou
10 Dongguan
11 Huizhou
18 Jiangmen
19 Zhongshan
20 Zhuhai
21 Shenzhen
6 Zhaoqing
8 Foshan
9 Guangzhou
10 Dongguan
11 Huizhou
18 Jiangmen
19 Zhongshan
20 Zhuhai
21 Shenzhen
Hong Kong SARMacau SAR
PRD 50.2 Million
Guangdong Province Pearl River Delta
Guangdong+HK & M102,93
PRD50.20
GZ +FS15.60
Guangzhou 10.00
HK/SZ15,57
Hong Kong6.95 Million
Netherlands16.40
Central Netherlands11.6
Randstad7.10
Amsterdam 0.71
Randstad7.10
Amsterdam 0.71
South-EastEngland17.00
London CommuterBelt14.00
GreaterLondon7.50
London 7.50
GreaterLondon7.50
London 7.50
NRW(Germany)18.00
Rhine-RuhrArea11.00
RuhrgebietRVR5.70
Dortmund 0.58
RuhrgebietRVR5.70
Dortmund 0.58
NorthCalifornia14.00
NC Mega- Region11.60
SF Bay Area7.10
San Jose 0.93
SF Bay Area7.10
San Jose 0.93
Belgium10.00
Belgium excl. Wallonia7.10
FlemishDiamond5.70
Brussels 1.10
FlemishDiamond5.70
Brussels 1.10
MEGA-REGIONS by POPULATION
Guangdong+HK & M102,93
PRD50.20
GZ +FS15.60
Guangzhou 10.00
HK/SZ15,57
Hong Kong6.95 Million
Netherlands16.40
Central Netherlands11.6
Randstad7.10
Amsterdam 0.71
Randstad7.10
Amsterdam 0.71
South-EastEngland17.00
London CommuterBelt14.00
GreaterLondon7.50
London 7.50
GreaterLondon7.50
London 7.50
NRW(Germany)18.00
Rhine-RuhrArea11.00
RuhrgebietRVR5.70
Dortmund 0.58
RuhrgebietRVR5.70
Dortmund 0.58
NorthCalifornia14.00
NC Mega- Region11.60
SF Bay Area7.10
San Jose 0.93
SF Bay Area7.10
San Jose 0.93
Belgium10.00
Belgium excl. Wallonia7.10
FlemishDiamond5.70
Brussels 1.10
FlemishDiamond5.70
Brussels 1.10
MEGA-REGIONS by POPULATION
Guangdong+HK & M102,93
PRD50.20
GZ +FS15.60
Guangzhou 10.00
HK/SZ15,57
Hong Kong6.95 Million
Netherlands16.40
Central Netherlands11.6
Randstad7.10
Amsterdam 0.71
Randstad7.10
Amsterdam 0.71
South-EastEngland17.00
London CommuterBelt14.00
GreaterLondon7.50
London 7.50
GreaterLondon7.50
London 7.50
NRW(Germany)18.00
Rhine-RuhrArea11.00
RuhrgebietRVR5.70
Dortmund 0.58
RuhrgebietRVR5.70
Dortmund 0.58
NorthCalifornia14.00
NC Mega- Region11.60
SF Bay Area7.10
San Jose 0.93
SF Bay Area7.10
San Jose 0.93
Belgium10.00
Belgium excl. Wallonia7.10
FlemishDiamond5.70
Brussels 1.10
FlemishDiamond5.70
Brussels 1.10
MEGA-REGIONS by POPULATION
Hong Kong SARMacau SAR
6 Zhaoqing
8 Foshan
9 Guangzhou
10 Dongguan
11 Huizhou
18 Jiangmen
19 Zhongshan
20 Zhuhai
21 ShenzhenSF Bay Area 7.1 Million
Greater London 7.5 Million
Administrative Borders
PRD 50.2 Million
Guangdong Province
187.800 km²
Evens, D. & de Vries, J. „Metropolitan government and governance in the Dutch Randstad: new perspectives and lessons from abroad“, 2008.
Hong Kong SARMacau SAR
Randstad 7.1 MillionNetherlands 16 Million41,526 km2
Administrative Borders
6 Zhaoqing
8 Foshan
9 Guangzhou
10 Dongguan
11 Huizhou
18 Jiangmen
19 Zhongshan
20 Zhuhai
21 Shenzhen
PRD 50.2 Million
Evens, D. & de Vries, J. „Metropolitan government and governance in the Dutch Randstad: new perspectives and lessons from abroad“, 2008.
Guangdong Province
187.800 km²
• Historical development
• Political condition
• Geographical situation
Shenzhen/Hong Kong
Zhuhai/Macau
Foshan/Guangzhou
PRD POLY-CENTRIC DEVELOPMENT
Permamence of territorial borders (according to “One Country two Systems“ policy)
Hong Kong Shenzhen
Application of HK’s “rail + property” model for the PRD
International Commerce Centre (ICC) HK, 2001-2010
ETH Studio Basel Students: Manuel Guth, Chasper Schmidlin
with CUHK Students: Shuk Fun Sophie Chan, Kai Yan Cye Wong
ETH Studio Basel Students: Manuel Guth, Chasper Schmidlin
with CUHK Students: Shuk Fun Sophie Chan, Kai Yan Cye Wong
ETH Studio Basel Students: Manuel Guth, Chasper Schmidlin
with CUHK Students: Shuk Fun Sophie Chan, Kai Yan Cye Wong
ETH Studio Basel Students: Manuel Guth, Chasper Schmidlin
with CUHK Students: Shuk Fun Sophie Chan, Kai Yan Cye Wong
ETH Studio Basel Students: Manuel Guth, Chasper Schmidlin
with CUHK Students: Shuk Fun Sophie Chan, Kai Yan Cye Wong
ETH Studio Basel Students: Manuel Guth, Chasper Schmidlin
with CUHK Students: Shuk Fun Sophie Chan, Kai Yan Cye Wong
Hong Kong & the PRD
• Hong Kong as competitive global city
• Hong Kong SAR “2030” regional plan
• Integration of Hong Kong SAR in the Pearl River Delta
• Pan Pearl River Delta Planning in time of the global financial crisis
Hendrik Tieben, Department of Architecture, CUHK, IFoU International Summer School Delft, 14.7.2009
PRD Challenges after the global financial crisis:
- overall industrial level is low,
- value added to the products is not much
- trade structure is unreasonable
- innovative capability is insufficient
- overall competitiveness is not strong
- land has been excessively developed
- ability to guarantee energy and resources supply is inadequate
- problem of environmental pollution becomes prominent
-constraints of resources and environment are outstanding and the traditional pattern of
development is insustainable
- the imbalance of development still exists between the urban and rural areas and among different
regions, the distribution of production forces is not rational, and the use of space is not efficient;
- social undertakings remain relatively backward, and the levels of human resources development
- public services and the cultural soft strength need to be further improved
- reform of the government and social administration systems are still strenuous, and the pre-
breakthrough reforms face ever more challenging difficulties.
The National Development and Reform Commission December 2008, PRC
http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/policyrelease/P020090120342179907030.doc
The Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008-2020)
PRD- Challenges after the global financial crisis:
- overall industrial level is low,
- value added to the products is not much
- trade structure is unreasonable
- innovative capability is insufficient
- overall competitiveness is not strong
- land has been excessively developed
- ability to guarantee energy and resources supply is inadequate
- problem of environmental pollution becomes prominent
- constraints of resources and environment are outstanding and the traditional pattern of
development is insustainable
- the imbalance of development still exists between the urban and rural areas and among different
regions, the distribution of production forces is not rational, and the use of space is not efficient;
- social undertakings remain relatively backward, and the levels of human resources development
- public services and the cultural soft strength need to be further improved
- reform of the government and social administration systems are still strenuous, and the pre-
breakthrough reforms face ever more challenging difficulties.
The National Development and Reform Commission December 2008, PRC
http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/policyrelease/P020090120342179907030.doc
The Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008-2020)
PRD -Opportunities
- The trend of international industries transfer to the Asian-Pacific region will not
change.
- regional economic cooperation and exchange in Asia is on the upswing
- formation of the China-ASEAN free trade zone is picking up its speed
- Process of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, marketization, and
internationalization is developing further, the economic integration among
Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao is accelerating
- strong potentials for economic development; and especially, thanks to its
development in the past 30 years, a solid material foundation has been forged in
the Pearl River Delta with remarkably enhanced economic strength and
competitiveness in regional economy.
The National Development and Reform Commission December 2008, PRC
http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/policyrelease/P020090120342179907030.doc
The Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008-2020)
The National Development and Reform Commission December 2008, PRC
http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/policyrelease/P020090120342179907030.doc
The Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008-2020)
PRD Strategic positioning
- Pilot region for further reforms.
- Important international gateway for expanding the opening-up program.
- World-class base for advanced manufacturing and modern service industries.
- Important national economic center.
[…] foster a batch of internationally competitive world-class enterprises and brands, develop a system of service industries to match Hong Kong as an international financial center, and develop into an international center for shipping, logistics, trade, conferences and exhibition, tourism, and innovation that has a different positioning from Hong Kong and Macao.
The Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008-2020)
[…] strengthening our role as a global and regional financial and business centre; strengthening our role as the international and regional trading, transportation and logistics centre; and developing further as an innovation and technology centre for Southern China.
Hong Kong
Guangzhou
Hong Kong, 2030 Plan
Future goals of Guangzhou and Hong Kong:
[…] foster a batch of internationally competitive world-class enterprises and brands, develop a system of service industries to match Hong Kong as an international financial center, and develop into an international center for shipping, logistics, trade, conferences and exhibition, tourism, and innovation that has a different positioning from Hong Kong and Macao.
The Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008-2020)
[…] strengthening our role as a global and regional financial and business centre; strengthening our role as the international and regional trading, transportation and logistics centre; and developing further as an innovation and technology centre for Southern China.
Hong Kong
Guangzhou
Hong Kong, 2030 Plan
Future goals of Guangzhou and Hong Kong:
Challenges of the GPRD Mega-City Region
• Co-operation and competition within the GPRD• Inter-regional co-operation and competition Challenges identified by the HK Planning Department 11.2008
Shanghai Guangzhou
HK/PRD - Randstad
• Differences in scale, land ownership and policies• Differences in development pressure• Differences of boundaries (PRD – cross border region)
• Both delta regions• Both poly centric• Both strong public housing policy
• Lessons from HK: Highly efficient public transport system High density developments above traffic nodesIntegration of living and working Control of suburbanization by government land policyCountry park system to protect natural environment
• Rethinking the role „competing cities“
HK/PRD - Randstad
• Differences in scale, land ownership and policies• Differences in development pressure• Differences of boundaries (PRD – cross border region)
• Both delta regions• Both poly centric• Both strong public housing policy
• Lessons from HK: Highly efficient public transport system High density developments above traffic nodesIntegration of living and working Control of suburbanization by government land policyCountry park system to protect natural environment
• Rethinking the role „competing cities“
HK/PRD - Randstad
• Differences in scale, land ownership and policies• Differences in development pressure• Differences of boundaries (PRD – cross border region)
• Both delta regions• Both poly centric• Both strong public housing policy
• Lessons from HK: Highly efficient public transport system High density developments above traffic nodesIntegration of living and working Control of suburbanization by government land policyCountry park system to protect natural environment
• Rethinking the role „competing cities“