Transcript of Homework: read section 2-3 and outline QUIZ FRIDAY!!!
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- Homework: read section 2-3 and outline QUIZ FRIDAY!!!
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- Organic compound = compound that contains carbon
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- 4 valence electrons... So it can have 4 covalent bonds
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- Terms Macromolecules: The 4 molecules of life are called
macromolecules (largest) Monomer = building blocks- 1 unit
(smallest) Polymer = compound made up of smaller monomers- more
than 1 unit. (middle)
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- They are the non-hydrocarbon part of the molecule They are
clusters of atoms that influence the properties of the molecules
they compose Hydroxyl Group -OH Carboxyl Group -COOH Amino Group
-NH 2 Carbonyl Group -CO
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- Contain: Functional groups: C, H, and O -OH (hydroxyl) -CO
(carbonyl) Function: Source of Energy
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- Monomer Polymer = Monosaccharide (simple sugar) = Disaccharides
and polysaccharides Skip 7 lines
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- simple sugars contain C, H, & O in a 1:2:1 ratio Example: C
6 H 12 O 6 3 Most Common 1 2 1 1.Glucose 2.Fructose 3.Galactose =
fuel for cells = sweetest = milk sugar
http://www.insideweightloss.info/blog/diet-tips-%E2%80%93-all-about-sugar/
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- Isomer= compounds with the SAME chemical formula, but different
structural formulas Example: glucose, fructose, and galactose are
all isomers of each other... C 6 H 12 O 6
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- Is a double sugar formed when 2 monosaccharides combine in a
dehydration synthesis rxn 3 Types 1.Maltose 2.Sucrose 3.Lactose =
glucose + glucose = glucose + fructose = glucose + galactose
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- Fructose
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- Homework: carbohydrates practice QUIZ FRIDAY!!!
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- Is a complex molecule made of 3 or more monosaccharides 3 Types
1.starch 2.glycogen 3.cellulose = sugar storage in plants = sugar
storage in animals (in muscles) = structural component to plant
cells (cell wall)
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- Homework: Proteins practice, food label
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- Contain: C, H, O, and N Determination: Sequence of aa
determined by DNA code
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- Functions: 1)Storage ( albumin egg white) 2)Transport
(hemoglobin) 3)Regulates genes (on/off) 4)Movement (muscles)
5)Structure (membranes, hair, nails) 6)Enzymes (cellular
reactions)
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- Monomer Polymer = amino acid = protein (folded polypeptide
chain)
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- Contains 2 functional groups -NH 2 (amino group) and -COOH
(carboxyl group) General aa structure R-group = different for each
type of amino acid There are 20 different amino acids
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- 20 different amino acids:
http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna/a/translation/aminoacids.html
Protein alphabet
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- Amino acids join by a dehydration synthesis rxn to form
dipeptides and polypeptides
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- Primary Structure 1. Form a chain of aa Secondary Structure 2.
Twist or fold the chain of aa (alpha helix or pleated sheet)
Tertiary structure 3. Fold the chain onto itself (globular subunit)
Quaternary Structure 4. Bring 2 to 4 aa subunits together
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- Correct folding is critical. If conditions are not right (temp,
pH), this process will not take place or can be reversed
(denaturation) and proteins cannot funciton!
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- 10 sentences 8 words Highlight words from wordle
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- Enzymes are made of proteins. They help speed up reactions and
are UNCHANGED by the reaction. Image from:
http://www.cas.muohio.edu/~wilsonkg/old/gene2005/syllabus_F03_23.jpg
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- Homework: Lipids practice, food label
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- Contain:C, H, and O Function: - Membranes of cells - Stored
Energy - Protection against water loss - Insulation
http://www.red-spirit-energy-healing.com/essential-fats.html
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- Lipids are not typical monomers and polymers Monomer- Fatty
Acid Chain - Carboxyl Group - HydroCarbon Chain
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- =long hydrocarbon chain with carboxyl group attached
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- --Saturated C are full of H (no double bonds) --Unsaturated C
are NOT full of H (double bonds)
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- Most contain (monomer): Glycerol and fatty acid
Triglyceride
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- Types of Lipids (polymers): Function Storage of energy
STRUCTURE 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol 1. Triglyceride
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- Types of Lipids (polymers): Function Component of cell
membranes STRUCTURE 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate group, 1 glycerol 2.
Phospholipid Image from:
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect02.htm
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- http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures
f04am/lect02.htm Types of Lipids (polymers): Function 1. Component
of cell membranes (cholesterol) 2. Starting material for sex
hormones STRUCTURE 4 fused rings with functional group attached 3.
Steroids
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http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/1976/2024209/assets/YouDecide/diet.html
Homework: Go to online textbook. Select you decide from left side
of page. Select unit 1: You Decide: Low-fat or Low-carb Diets Which
is Healthier? Work through all of the steps of the activity. On
step 7, the last step, you will be asked to type in a response to
the question. After typing your response, copy and paste it into a
Word document and print it out to turn in.
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- Contain: Functional groups: C, H, O, N, P None that we
discussed Function: 1. Store and transmit info to carry out cell
processes and make protein 2. Transmit genetic info from one
generation to the next
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- Monomer Polymer = nucleotide = Nucleic acid 1. Sugar 2.
Phosphate 3. Nitrogen base 2 types: 1. DNA 2. RNA Image from:
http://www.yourdictionary.com/dna