HN 300 Unit 8 SeminarImplementing Human ServicesMadelyn Harvey, PhD

Slides developed by David H. Johnson

Millersville University of Pennsylvania

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Services for individuals, families, groups, and communities

Five types of organizations: Public Agencies Private Not-for-Profit Corporations Private Not-for-Profit Corporations Self-help Groups Religious Organizations

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Social Security Act of 1935Social Services Block GrantsOther Block GrantsGrowth of Private Social Service

Agencies for middle- and upper-class groups

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Children’s Aid SocietyChildren’s Home SocietyMary Ellen case (1874)Child maltreatment: abuse and

neglect

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

White House Conference on Children (1909) Children’s Bureau (1912) Social Security Act of 1935 AFDC-Foster Care (1961) Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of

1974 (CAPTA) Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA) Fostering Connections to Success and

Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

As of September, 2006, children in substitute care: 439,000

Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (permanency planning law) required reasonable efforts prevent removal and placement of children in “least restrictive setting” close to parent’s home

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Safety and permanence paramountOffered bonuses to states for

increasing numbers of adoptionsShortened timeline for filing

termination of parental rights and timeframe for permanency hearing

Clarified “reasonable efforts” requirements

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

For youth age 18-21 transitioning from foster care to independent living; this Act offers financial and housing assistance, counseling, and other supportive services

Doubled federal spending for independent living programs

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved

Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Transracial adoptionsFocus on preventionPreparation of child welfare workforceLack of funding for child welfare

system

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Calls for a White House Conference on Children and Youth

Calls for expansion of healthcare to all children

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Older Americans Act of 1965National Family Caregiver Support

ProgramAging Network

Federal: Administration on Aging (DHHS) State: Office varies from state to state Local/Regional: Area Agencies on Aging

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Meals on WheelsSenior centers (meals and socialization)TransportationHomemaker and chore servicesLegal counselingHome repair and renovationShopping, visitation, and telephone

assurance

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Abuse and “self-abuse”National Center on Elder Abuse

(NCEA)Guardianship or conservatorship for

persons unable to make decisions for themselves

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987 mandated regular evaluation of patient care plans, reduced use of physical restraints, and ensured greater protections of patients’ rights

Some homes still guilty of abuse and violation of care procedures

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Phillipe Pinel and “moral treatment”Dorothea DixEffects of Industrial RevolutionClifford Beers’ “mental hygiene

movement”Mental Health Act of 1946Mental Health and Community Mental

Health Center Construction Act of 1963

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Continuum from mental health to mental illness

NIMH’s major categories of mental disorders: Mood disorders Schizophrenia Anxiety disorders Eating disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Autism Alzheimer’s Disease

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) found about one-fourth of U.S. population over age 18 experienced a mental illness in the last year

45 percent of those with one mental disorder met the criteria for two or more disorders

About 23 million (9 percent) aged 12 or older are dependent upon or abused alcohol or drugs during the past year*

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Accounts for about 7.5 percent of nation’s healthcare spending

Public funds pay for 61 percent of treatment

Mental Health Parity Act of 1996Mental Health Parity and Addiction

Equity Act of 2008 – takes effect July 1, 2010

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Reagan: Office of National Drug Control Policy (Nancy Reagan’s “Just Say No”)

Focus and funding more on law enforcement than on treatment

U.S. leads the world in incarceration rates for drug use

Drug courts have had some success in bridging the gap to treatment

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Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 7eRitter, Just, and DiNitto

Questions or comments about child welfare policies and policies for the mentally ill and the aging population?