Post on 27-Mar-2015
HIV/AIDS and Contemporary
Population Dynamics
A lesson plan from “Making Population Real” by the Population Reference Bureau
Supported by the World Population Fund of the Minneapolis Foundation
Today’s Agenda
1. Introduce objectives and teaching standards
2. Provide a brief global overview on HIV/AIDS
3. Construct chloropleth maps of AIDS rates by U.S. states
4. Discuss the patterns revealed
5. Introduce Making Population Real and PRB
Making Population Real - Module 4:
HIV/AIDS and PopulationIssues AIDS/HIV
Effects of income, age, gender, etc. on disease rates
Population Concepts
Changing death rates Regional differences in populations
Tools Line graphs Choropleth maps
Objectives
To describe the spread and occurrence of HIV/AIDS at multiple scales
To explain global and regional variations in occurrence of HIV/AIDS
To understand the spread of HIV/AIDS in the United States
Teaching Standards
AP Geography Standard Addressed
Unit II– Population UnitB. Population growth and decline over time and
space
3. Patterns of fertility, mortality, and health
AP and the Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board which was not involved in the production of these lesson plans
HIV-AIDS Weakens the Immune SystemOpportunistic infections: Pneumonia Meningitis Some cancers Tuberculosis (TB) Other parasitic, viral and fungal infections that
weaken the immune system
Global Estimates – HIV/AIDS
People now living with HIV 40 million
New HIV infections in 2005 4.9 million
AIDS deaths up to 2005 25 million
Growth of the AIDS Epidemic
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004
Sub-Saharan Africa Asia Latin AmericaEurope & N. America* Eastern Europe & Central Asia North Africa & Middle EastCaribbean
*Western and Central Europe & North America.Source: UNAIDS/WHO, 2004.
People With HIV/AIDS, Cumulative Regional TotalsMillions
Poverty and HIV-AIDS
Inadequate access to accurate information or prevention services
Seeing no alternative besides sex work, for some women Labor migration – leads to increased vulnerability and spread of
HIV Once infected, inadequate access to health care and
treatment Vicious cycle of poverty, such as children orphaned
because of AIDS
What is a Choropleth Map?(Area Value Map)
Reveals patterns in data by showing the distribution of a factor in selected area
For example, the map on the next slide compares the prevalence of AIDS in nations worldwide
Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006.
Map of HIV Prevalence Worldwide
Adults Ages 15-49 w/ HIV
15.01% - 34.0%
5.01% - 15.0%
1.01% - 5.0%
0.51% - 1.0%
0.0% - 0.5%
Not available
2005
Looking at the U.S. States
Are AIDS cases distributed evenly throughout the United States?
Assignment: Construct a choropleth map of the rate per
100,000 of AIDS by state for 2002
Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State
Determine the range of data…
1. Examine the data to be mapped Omit DC since it’s not a state and so became
outlier
2. Find the highest and lowest values for the data (see column 5 on data table)
High = New York: 34.8/100,000
Low = North Dakota: 0.5/100,000
3. Subtract these two numbers to calculate the range of the data.
34.8 - 0.5 = 34.3 is range
AIDS Distribution by State
Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State4. Divide the range by the number of mapping
categories you plan to use (typically 3 to 5) Adjust the limits to avoid fractions
34.3 / 5 = 6.86 OR 35 / 5 = 7 5. Assign a color to each category
We have five categories: 0-7.9, 8-14.9, 15-22.9, 23-30.9, & 31-37
6. Complete the map key (Assign a color to each range)
7. Sort the data (states) by category 8. Follow the key to shade each area according to the
data values being mapped
Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State
What patterns do the maps reveal?
What causes these patterns?
What did we cover?
During the session, we explored the spread and occurrence of HIV/AIDS: At the global scale At the national scale
Group mapping activity: United States (From Activity 2)
By gender and age (Ex: graph of South Africa)
Demonstrates patterns of population growth and decline over time and space
Making Population Real – Lesson Plan 4:
HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics
Activities:
1. HIV/AIDS–A Scourge of the Land Investigate regional AIDS data (online research)
2. Patterns of HIV/AIDS in the United States Graph changes in cause-of-death data Graph changes in death rate due to AIDS Create choropleth (shaded area) maps of state
AIDS rates
Making Population Real Lesson Plans Population Fundamentals – Building a Foundation
Populations in the Path of Natural Hazards
The Demographic Transition –
A Contemporary Look at a Classic Model
HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics
Population Policy – Progress Since Cairo
People on the Move
Global Migration Patterns
About Making Population Real
Free, on-line curricula utilize up-to-date real-world data and articles from a variety of web-based resources:
United Nations (UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO, etc.) U.S. Census Bureau National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PRB research and publications
Lead author Martha B. Sharma, a teacher Recipient of the 2006 Geographic Excellence in
Media Award from National Council for Geographic Education
www.prb.org/educators
Population Reference Bureau
Informs people around the world about population, health, and the environment, and empowers them to use that information to advance the well-being of current and future generations.
Analyzes demographic data and research to provide objective, accurate, and up-to-date population information in a format that is easily understood by educators, journalists, and decision makers alike.