Post on 04-Jan-2016
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HIV & AIDS Update:HIV & AIDS Update:Your Sexual HealthYour Sexual Health
Disease TransmissionDisease TransmissionPreventionPrevention
TestingTesting
Presenter: Judy Thorne, MPA Presenter: Judy Thorne, MPA HIV Education CoordinatorHIV Education Coordinator
Master of Public Health Program Master of Public Health Program Idaho State University/MeridianIdaho State University/Meridian
Information is vitalInformation is vital
As teenagers, you will be facing As teenagers, you will be facing many new decisions in your lifemany new decisions in your life
Understanding what can put you at Understanding what can put you at risk for disease is very importantrisk for disease is very important
None of this is meant to scare you – remember, None of this is meant to scare you – remember, knowledge is very empowering knowledge is very empowering
You can also be an informed educator to othersYou can also be an informed educator to others
Who can tell me what the Who can tell me what the
letters HIV and AIDS each letters HIV and AIDS each
stand for?stand for?
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Virus
AIDS: Acquired ImmunodeficiencyAIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency
SyndromeSyndrome
OK, now what does each of these OK, now what does each of these mean? mean?
HIV can harmHIV can harm
you because it you because it
attacks your attacks your
body’s immune body’s immune
system system
True or FalseTrue or False
A low immune system can allow A low immune system can allow opportunistic infections to invade opportunistic infections to invade your bodyyour body
This is called AIDSThis is called AIDS
TrueTrue
AIDS is a stage of disease where your AIDS is a stage of disease where your immune (T, CD4, helper) cells drop immune (T, CD4, helper) cells drop below the level of 200 cells per mm below the level of 200 cells per mm blood blood (a healthy person has about 800)(a healthy person has about 800)
and your body cannot fight off simple and your body cannot fight off simple infectionsinfections
Medications today can help people with both HIV and AIDS Medications today can help people with both HIV and AIDS live much longer than they used tolive much longer than they used to
Origins of HIVOrigins of HIV
Likely resulted from hybridization Likely resulted from hybridization (merging) of two simian (monkey) (merging) of two simian (monkey)
virusesviruses
HIV moved to humans in Africa HIV moved to humans in Africa around 1930 or earlier around 1930 or earlier
HIV and SIVHIV and SIV
HIV-1
SIV-1
SIV-2
HIV-2
Sooty Mangabeys
Chimpanzees
Adults and Children Living with HIV/AIDS
Total: 40+ million Data from UNAIDS
N. America1.2 million
Caribbean420,000
Latin America1.5 million
Western Europe550,000
Sub-SaharanAfrica 28.5 million
Asia & Pacific6.6 million
Australia & NewZealand 15,000
North Africa500,000
Eastern Europe1 million
U.S. casesU.S. cases
OVER 56,000 new infections OVER 56,000 new infections every year in the U.S. every year in the U.S.
Most infections are found in Most infections are found in people ages 13-29 years people ages 13-29 years
HIV in Idaho – PrevalenceHIV in Idaho – Prevalence(*estimate additional 20-25% undiagnosed)(*estimate additional 20-25% undiagnosed)
HIV HIV AIDSAIDS
District 1 62 75District 1 62 75 District 2 33 38District 2 33 38 District 3District 3 68 68
8181 District 4 265 223District 4 265 223 District 5 54 61District 5 54 61 District 6 69 51District 6 69 51 District 7 45 40District 7 45 40
** Total 596 569Total 596 569 1165
(As of June 30, 2009)
True or FalseTrue or False
Most cases of HIV infection in Most cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in older people Idaho occur in older people ages 40-49 years ages 40-49 years
FALSEFALSE
41% of the cases of HIV infection in 41% of the cases of HIV infection in
Idaho occur in ages Idaho occur in ages 20-2920-29 years years
andand 15% of AIDS cases are in this 15% of AIDS cases are in this
age groupage group
What is HIV What is HIV
Life Cycle of HIV-1Life Cycle of HIV-1
Ways to transmit HIVWays to transmit HIV Unprotected sexual activityUnprotected sexual activityInternet chat-rooms have become a place where people Internet chat-rooms have become a place where people
are meeting and this is leading to HIV transmissionsare meeting and this is leading to HIV transmissions
Needle sharing and other “works”Needle sharing and other “works” Needle sticks or exposure to bloodNeedle sticks or exposure to blood Mother-childMother-child Blood transfusions Blood transfusions
OK,OK,
Now that you know how you can Now that you know how you can get HIV, how do you think you get HIV, how do you think you
could prevent it?could prevent it?
AbstinenceAbstinence (not engaging in sex)(not engaging in sex)• Don’t assume everyone has the same definition of Don’t assume everyone has the same definition of
abstinence – your partner’s past behaviors could put abstinence – your partner’s past behaviors could put
you at risk. Some couples get tested together.you at risk. Some couples get tested together.• Surf the internet only with your parent’s OK - use good Surf the internet only with your parent’s OK - use good
judgment and don’t put yourself at risk!judgment and don’t put yourself at risk!
Someday, if/when you choose to Someday, if/when you choose to engage in sex, engage in sex, useuse protectionprotection
(condoms: both male and female)(condoms: both male and female) Avoid drugs and alcoholAvoid drugs and alcohol When the time comes in your life, get When the time comes in your life, get
tested before you have a babytested before you have a baby
True or FalseTrue or False
If you knew someone who was HIV+,If you knew someone who was HIV+,
you could get HIV from coming intoyou could get HIV from coming into
contact with their contact with their sweat, urine or tearssweat, urine or tears
FalseFalse
The only bodily fluids that can transmit The only bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are: HIV are:
BloodBlood SemenSemen Vaginal fluidVaginal fluid Breast milkBreast milk
Other bodily fluids only if there was blood Other bodily fluids only if there was blood present/visiblepresent/visible
Don’t be afraid to kiss, hug, or share food with someone who Don’t be afraid to kiss, hug, or share food with someone who has HIV has HIV
HIV and AIDSHIV and AIDSLesson 2 Lesson 2
Disease symptomsDisease symptoms
Window period of the virus Window period of the virus
Rapid testingRapid testing
Question for candy…Question for candy…
Who can be affected by HIV?Who can be affected by HIV?
Answer…Answer…
Anyone!Anyone!
If they engage in unprotected sex or If they engage in unprotected sex or share drug use equipmentshare drug use equipment
Any age, any gender, anyoneAny age, any gender, anyone
People close to them are also People close to them are also affected by this diseaseaffected by this disease
Early HIV InfectionEarly HIV Infection
Symptoms present days to weeks Symptoms present days to weeks after initial exposureafter initial exposure
Most common presentation is Most common presentation is • Fever, fatigue, headache, and rashFever, fatigue, headache, and rash
HIV Window PeriodHIV Window Period
What is it?What is it?
This is the time it takes for the virus This is the time it takes for the virus to actually show up in your body to actually show up in your body after exposureafter exposure
This can take up to 3 monthsThis can take up to 3 months
Who can tell me why this would even Who can tell me why this would even
be important to know?be important to know?
It’s important because:It’s important because:
The sooner someone knows that they The sooner someone knows that they have HIV, the sooner they can have HIV, the sooner they can receive proper medical carereceive proper medical care
It is less likely that the virus will be It is less likely that the virus will be transmitted to others if it is knowntransmitted to others if it is known
How can someone get tested for How can someone get tested for HIV?HIV?
Idaho law allows 14 years and older to Idaho law allows 14 years and older to obtain STD tests without parental obtain STD tests without parental permission permission ((not saying you should do this, just providing not saying you should do this, just providing you with information – very important to have a support system)you with information – very important to have a support system)
Conventional blood tests Conventional blood tests (results in 10 days – 2 weeks)(results in 10 days – 2 weeks)
HIV antibody rapid tests HIV antibody rapid tests (results in 12-20 minutes)(results in 12-20 minutes)
let’s check out how this works…let’s check out how this works…
Importance of HIV DiagnosisImportance of HIV Diagnosis
Early Intervention servicesEarly Intervention services• Improved quality of lifeImproved quality of life• Avoid complicationsAvoid complications• Healthcare maintenanceHealthcare maintenance
Prevent transmissionPrevent transmissionChronic infectionChronic infectionTransmission to othersTransmission to others
HIV ServicesHIV Services HIV Services Clinic, BoiseHIV Services Clinic, Boise
• Sky Blue, MD DirectorSky Blue, MD Director• Established 1998Established 1998• Ryan White GranteeRyan White Grantee
• Counseling and confidential testingCounseling and confidential testing• Comprehensive medical careComprehensive medical care• Case managementCase management• Adherence counselingAdherence counseling• Mental healthMental health• Support groups Support groups • Clinical trialsClinical trials
Summary:Summary:How does HIV spread?How does HIV spread?
Through unprotected sex Through unprotected sex and injection and injection drug use drug use
Bodily fluids that can Bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are blood, transmit HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milkbreast milk
Be informed and educate Be informed and educate others!others!