History taking and clinical examination of endocrine system

Post on 10-Jul-2015

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Approaches for some commonly encountered endocrinological problems & their presentation

Transcript of History taking and clinical examination of endocrine system

Presenter-Tanmoy Mandal & Rajat Kar

Chairperson- Prof S.P. Chowdhury

WEIGHT GAIN-Hypothyroid

PCOS

Cushing syndrome

Insulinoma

Patients on insulin therapy

WEIGHT LOSS

Hyperthyroid

DM

Adrenal failure Thyroiditis

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Pheochromocytoma

INCREASED APPETITE-

DM Frohlich syndrome

Laurence moon biedl syndrome

Insulinoma

DECREASED APPETITE-

Adrenal failure Hypothyroid Drugs-dexamphetamine

Cushing syndrome

OBESITY-

Cushing syndrome

Syndrome X

Sleep apnea syndrome

Laurence moon biedl syndrome

Frohlich syndrome

Prader willi syndrome

DIARRHEAHyperthyroid

HyperparathyroidDMWDHA SyndromeCarcinoid syndromeAdrenal failureZollinger ellison

syndrome

KwashiorkorVIPOMA

CONSTIPATION Hypothyroid

Hypokalemia DM Porphyria Amyloidosis Pheochromocytoma Vit D excess

Hypercalcemia Visceral myopathy

VOMITING- DKA Adrenal failure Hypercalcemia Amyloidosis Porphyria Hyperparathyroid DM Vit A toxicity Acute zinc toxicity Galactosemia DI Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Fructose intolerance MELAS

PAIN ABDOMEN-

Hypercalcemia

DKA

Adrenal crisis

Hyperparathyroid

Acute intermittent porphyria

Carcinoid

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndrome

C1 esterase deficiency

Myxedema

POLYDIPSIA-

Central DI

Nephrogenic DI

Primary polydipsia

DM

Drugs

Hypercalcemia

POLYURIA-

Central DI

Nephrogenic DI

DM

Drugs

Cushing syndrome

Hypercalcemia

Alcohol

Caffeine

HYPERHIDROSIS-

Hyperthyroid

Hypogonadism

Pheochromocytoma

Acromegaly

Mitochondrial diseases

Menopause

Obesity

HYPOHIDROSIS-

Hypothyroid

DM

Amyloidosis

Laron syndrome

Alcoholics

GH receptor deficiency

Fabry disease

Ectodermal dysplasia

HEAT INTOLERANCE-

Hyperthyroid Hypothalamic

tumors Drugs- atropine,

belladona Post menopausal

syndrome Graves disease

COLD INTOLERANCE-

Hypothyroid Adrenal failure Hypopituitarism Anorexia nervosa Hypothalamic

tumors Hashimoto

thyroiditis

HYPERSOMNIA-

Hypothyroid

Pickwickiansyndrome

Prader willi syndrome

Narcolepsy

Niemann pick disease type C

Sleep deprivation syndrome

INSOMNIA-

Graves disease

Cushing syndrome

Alcohol

Caffeine

PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY-

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Adrenal tumors Hypothalamic

hamartoma Mc Cune Albright

syndrome Angelman syndrome Exogenous hormones

DELAYED PUBERTY- Hypothyroid Constitutional Hypopituitarism Turner syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Prader willi syndrome Kallmann syndrome Cushing syndrome Androgen

insensitivity syndrome

HIRSUITISM- PCOS

Cushing syndrome Congenital adrenal

hyperplasia Ovarian tumors

Acromegaly Porphyria cutanea

tarda Drugs- Danazol,

phenytoin, minoxidil

DECREASED BODY HAIR-

Hypogonadotrophichypogonadism

Klinefelter syndrome Panhypopituitarism Kwashiorkor

Zinc deficiency Iron deficiency

GYNAECOMASTIA- Klinefelter

syndrome Hypopituitarism Drugs Hypogonadism Hyperthyroid Aging Adrenal tumors Prolactinoma

BREAST ATROPHY- Aging PCOS Menopause HRT

SHORT STATURE-

Growth hormone deficiency

Kwashiorkor

Turner’s syndrome

Achondroplasia

Hypothyroidism

Rickets

Osteogenesisimperfecta

Prader willi syndrome

Malnutrition

TALL STATURE-

Acromegaly

Marfan syndrome

Fragile X syndrome

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Sotos syndrome

Mc-Cune Albright syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome

Homocystinuria

Hyperthyroid

ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION-

Hyperthyroid

Hypothyroid

Hypogonadism

Hemochromatosis

DM

Obesity

Hypercholesterolemia

Syndrome X

LOSS OF LIBIDO-

Hypothyroid

DM

Menopause

Hyperprolactinemia

Adrenal insufficiency

Drugs-SSRI

LACTATIONAL FAILURE-

Sheehan syndrome

Drugs-metoclopramide

GALACTORRHEA-

Hypothyroid

Hyperprolactinemia

Pituitary adenoma

Drugs-antipsychotics, antidepressants

Male hypogonadism

CKD

RECURRENT FRACTURE-

Cushing syndrome Osteoporosis Hypogonadism Hyperthyroid RTA-2 Rickets Osteogenesis

imperfecta Hyperparathyroid Osteopetrosis

BONE PAIN- Hypercalcemia Rickets Hyperparathyroid Paget disease of

bone Osteomalacia Gaucher’s disease Acromegaly

POOR SCHOLASTIC PERFORMANCE-

Hypothyroid

Type 1 DM

Lead poisoning

Down’s syndrome

Fragile X syndrome

Klinefeltersyndrome

FAILURE TO THRIVE-

Down’s syndrome

Inborn errors of metabolism

Cystic fibrosis

Hyperthyroid

Juvenile DM

HYPERPIGMENTATION-

Adrenal failure Hemochromatosis Drugs- minocycline Cushing disease Porphyria Nelson syndrome Graves disease Mercury poisoning

VITILIGO- Hyperthyroid Pernicious anemia PGA syndrome Drugs Adrenal failure

AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA-

21 alpha hydroxylase def

3 beta hydroxylase def

5 alpha reductase def

11 beta hydroxylase def

Androgen receptor defect

Drug induced

DECREASED TESTICULAR VOLUME-

Klinefelter syndrome Hemochromatosis Congenital adrenal

hyperplasia Cushing syndrome Hyperprolactinemia Kallman syndrome Laurence moon biedl

syndrome Alcohol

FLUSHING-

Carcinoid

Pheochromocytoma

Post menopausal

Hyperthyroid

Mastocytosis

Alcohol

Vit B3 excess

POSTURAL DIZZINESS-

Adrenal failure

DM

Hypoglycemia

Hyperthyroid

Hypothyroid

Hyperventilation syndrome

HOARSENESS OF VOICE-

Hypothyroid

Goitre

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Acromegaly

Adrenocorticalcarcinoma

PROPTOSIS-

Graves disease

Cushing syndrome

Pheochromocytoma

Hypothyroidism

Acromegaly

TREMORS-

Hyperthyroid

Hypercalcemia

Hyperparathyroid

FAHR Syndrome

Hypomagnesemia

Thiamine def

Hypoglycemia

Alcohol withdrawal

DEAFNESS-

Hypothyroid

Pendred syndrome

Alport syndrome

Usher syndrome

Drugs-aminoglycosides

SEIZURES- Hypoglycemia Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia

VISUAL DISTURBANCE-

DM Pituitary adenoma Prolactinoma Galactosemia Hypothyroid Zinc def. Vit A def. Storage diseases

HEADACHE-

Pituitary adenoma

Nelson syndrome

Hypothyroid

Hypercalcemia

PARAESTHESIA-

DM

Cushing syndrome

Hypothyroid

Carcinoid syndrome

Myxedema

GH excess

Vit B 12 def

Lithium

Amiodarone

Iodine supplements

Diuretics

Steroid

Vitamin A, D

Heparin

Anticonvulsant

Onset of menses

Cycle

Duration

Flow

Dysmenorrhea

Menopause

AMENORRHEA-

Hypothyroid

Hyperthyroid

Sheehan syndrome

Hyperprolactinemia

Hemochromatosis

PCOS

Turner syndrome

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

OLIGOMENORRHEA-

PCOS

Hyperprolactinemia

Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

Drugs- antipsychotics

Thyrotoxicosis

Prader willi syndrome

PRIMARY-

Mullerian agenesis

Turner syndrome

Septo optic dysplasia

Kallmann syndrome

Swyer jamessyndrome

SECONDARY-

Hypothyroid

Hyperthyroid

Cushing syndrome

DM

PCOS

Number of children Last child birth Vaginal delivery/ LSCS Emergency / planned delivery Prolonged third stage of labour Gestational diabetes History of large baby Postpartum complication History of severe blood loss postpartum Lactational failure History of infertility Use of drugs for pregnancy